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Unit 4 Ch 1 : Development — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 4 Ch 1 : Development4 Marks
Question
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Suppose for the present that a particular country is quite developed. We would certainly like this level of development to go up further or at least be maintained for future generations. This is obviously desirable. However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type, and levels, of development are not sustainable.
Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused. For example, in the case of groundwater, if we use more than what is being replenished by rain then we would be overusing this resource.
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
  1. Pick out the cause that enhances environmental degradation.
  1. Planting trees.
  2. Prevention of factory wastes getting mixed up with river water.
  3. Ban on using plastic bags.
  4. Allowing an increase in the level of exhaust fumes emited by cars, buses trucks etc.
  1. Which of the following statement defines sustainable development?
  1. Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the need of future generations.
  2. The present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of the future generations as well.
  3. It means the utilisation of natural resources by the past, present and the future generations.
  4. To meet the needs of the future generations even if the needs of the present generation is not met.
  1. What kind of development should be achieved by making a sincere attempt to preserve the environment and resources.
  1. Economic Development.
  2. Social Development.
  3. Sustainable Development.
  4. Political Development.
  1. The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation because:
  1. Resources are being used judiciously by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
  2. Resources are being used optimally by the present generation which will make them exhausted.
  3. Resources are being overused by present generation, which will make them exhausted.
  4. Resources are not being used by the present generation, which will make them exhausted.
✓

Answer

  1. (d) Allowing an increase in the level of exhaust fumes emited by cars, buses trucks etc.
  1. (b) The present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of the future generations as well.
  1. (c) Sustainable Development.
  1. (c) Resources are being overused by present generation, which will make them exhausted.

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Read the text given below and answer the following questions.
Chotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries. It is largely, because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry. These include, low cost of iron ore, high grade raw materials in proximity, cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market. Though, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to: (a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal (b) Lower productivity of labour (c) Irregular supply of energy and (d) Poor infrastructure.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. In which region maximum iron and steel industries concentrated?
  1. Chotanagpur plateau.
  2. Punjab.
  3. Haryana.
  4. Uttarakhand.
  1. Why cheap labour is available in this region?
  1. Large population and poverty in this area.
  2. Big infrastructure.
  3. Rich people.
  4. Availability of natural resources.
  1. Why are we not able to perform our full potential largely?
  1. High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
  2. Lower productivity of labour.
  3. Irregular supply of energy and poor infrastructure.
  4. All of these.
  1. Why most of iron and steel industries are located in this region?
  1. Maximum resources.
  2. Minimum wages.
  3. More transportation.
  4. Maximum concentration of iron and steel.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution. Nationalist sentiments were often mobilised by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe. This can be observed in the process by which Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states. As you have seen, nationalist feelings were widespread among middle-class German, who in 1848 tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament. This liberal initiative to nation building was, however, repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia. From then on, Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, was the architect of this process carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Three wars over seven years - with Austria, Denmark and France ended in Prussian victory and completed the - process of unification. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:
  1. Who was the architect of the process of national unification?
  1. Poland’s chief minister, Otto Don Bismarck.
  2. Poland’s chief minister, Otto Von Bismarck.
  3. Prussia’s prime minister, Otto Den Bismarck.
  4. Prussia’s chief minister, Otto Von Bismarck.
  1. Who was proclaimed as German Emperor?
  1. Davis I was proclaimed as German Emperor.
  2. David I was proclaimed as German Emperor.
  3. William II was proclaimed as German Emperor.
  4. William I was proclaimed as German Emperor.
  1. When did the middle class German try to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation state?
  1. 1838
  2. 1748
  3. 1848
  4. 1948
  1. How many wars took place in 7 years?
  1. Three.
  2. Two.
  3. Seven.
  4. Four.
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Shanghai became the hub of the new print culture, catering to the Western-style schools. From hand printing, there was now a gradual shift to mechanical printing.
Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around AD 768-770. The oldest Japanese book, printed in AD 868, is the Buddhist Diamond Sutra.
In the late eighteenth century, in the flourishing urban circles at Edo, illustrated collections of paintings depicted an elegant urban culture, involving artists, courtesans, and teahouse gatherings. Libraries and bookstores were packed with hand-printed material of various types-books on women, musical instruments, calculations, tea ceremony, flower arrangements, proper etiquette, cooking and famous places.
i. Give ancient name of Tokyo.
ii. Name the centre of the new print culture in China and describe it.
iii. What is the name of the oldest printed book of Japan? Mention its feature.
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
During the French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic. These ideals were represented through specific objects or symbols. As you would remember, the attributes of Liberty are the red cap, or the broken chain, while Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.
Similar female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth century to represent the nation. In France she was christened Marianne, a popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people's nation. Her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic - the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade. Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it. Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps. Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.
Q.1. Who became the female allegory of the France?
Q.2. What does blindfolded women carrying a pair of weighing scales signify?
Q.3. How were the ideas of Liberty, Justice and the Republic represented by French artists during the French Revolution?
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Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
The need for decentralisation was recognised in our Constitution. Since then, there have been several attempts to decentralise power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayat in villages and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. But these were directly under the control of state governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly. Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own. Thus, there was very little decentralisation in effective terms.
A major step towards decentralisation was taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective. Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women. An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State.
  1. What is the basic idea behind decentralization?
  1. There are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level.
  2. Besides, at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation.
  3. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.
  4. All the above.
  1. Consider the following statements on the practice of federalism in India. Identify those which hold true for decentralisation after 1992.
  1. B and C
  2. A and C
  3. A and D
  4. B and D
  1. In local self-government institutions at least one-third of all positions are reserved for?
  1. Men.
  2. Women.
  3. Scheduled caste.
  4. Scheduled tribe.
  1. Which of these is incorrect, based on the Consitutional Amendment, 1992?
  1. One-fourth of positions are reserved for women.
  2. Regular elections should be held to the local government bodies.
  3. Seats are reserved for SCs, STs and OBCs.
  4. State Election Commission looks after these elections.
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Read the source given below and answer lite questions that follows:
Economists began to think in terms of the national economy. They talked of how the nation could develop and what economic measures could help forge this nation together. Friedrich List, Professor of Economics at the University of Tu bingen in Germany, wrote in 1834: 'The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity. It ought to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to enhance national feeling'.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. State the aim of the Zollverein in Gennany.
  1. To divide German regions.
  2. To bind the Germans economically into a nation.
  3. To create confusion in trade.
  4. To support time consuming calculations.
  1. What German people have realized about new economic system?
  1. German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.
  2. German people wanted to conquer more regions.
  3. German people realised the importance of closed economy.
  4. German people realised that a free economic system is obstacle to develop nationalism.
  1. How does a country become stronger?
  1. By conquest.
  2. By making alliances.
  3. Both (a) and (b).
  4. It will strengthen the nation materially, as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity.
  1. Who was Friedrich List?
  1. Professor of Economics at the University of Tubingen in Germany.
  2. French Artist.
  3. Philosopher.
  4. Painter.
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Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
In his book, Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come. Non-cooperation became a movement. Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods. Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched. Through the summer of 1920, Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilising popular support for the movement. Many within the Congress were, however, concerned about the proposals. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections scheduled for November 1920. In the months between September and December, there was an intense tussle within Congress. For a while, there seemed no meeting point between the supporters and the opponents of the movement. Finally, at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out.
i. What compromise chalked out in the Congress session of December 1920? (1)
ii. In which book did Mahatma Gandhi write that the British rule was established because of Indian's cooperation? (1)
iii. Why were some members of Congress reluctant to boycott the council elections? (2)
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It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active …
'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill will whatever. 'Satyagraha is pure soul force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma …' It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own …
In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India, with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule will collapse within a year.

Q.1. Why did Gandhiji say that passive resistance is not the weapon of the weak?
Q.2. “Satyagraha is pure soul-force” substantiate this statement in 20 words.
Q.3. “Satyagraha is pure soul-force” substantiate this statement in 20 words.
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As primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important category of readers. Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry. A children's press, devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1857. This press published new works as well as old fairy tales and folk tales. The Grimm Brothers in Germany spent years compiling traditional folk tales gathered from peasants. What they collected was edited before the stories were published in a collection in 1812. Anything that was considered unsuitable for children or would appear vulgar to the elites, was not included in the published version.
Women became important as readers as well as writers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as were manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping. When novels began to be written in the nineteenth century, women were seen as important readers. Some of the best-known novelists were women. Their writings became important in defining a new type of woman: a person with a will, the strength of personality, determination and the power to think.
In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instruments for educating white-collar workers, artisans and lower-middle-class people. Sometimes, self-educated working-class people wrote for themselves. After the working day was gradually shortened from the mid-nineteenth century, workers had some time for selfimprovement and self-expression. They wrote political tracts and autobiographies in large numbers.
i. What was the special feature of the published version of book for children?
ii. What was the impact of print on workers?
iii. Name some famous women novelists. How did they redefine the women?
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Economists began to think in terms of the national economy. They talked of how the nation could develop and what economic measures could help forge this nation together. Friedrich List, Professor of Economics at the University of Tubingen in Germany, wrote in 1834: ‘The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity. It ought to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.’
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:
  1. State the aim of the Zollverein in Germany.
  1. To divide German regions.
  2. To support time consuming calculations.
  3. To create confusion in trade.
  4. To bind the Germans economically into a nation.
  1. What German people have realised about new economic system?
  1. German people wanted to conquer more regions.
  2. German people realised the importance of closed economy.
  3. German people have realised that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.
  4. German people realised that a free economic system is obstacle to develop nationalism.
  1. How does a country become stronger?
  1. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as per stimulating its internal productivity.
  2. By conquest.
  3. By making alliances.
  4. Both (b) and (C).
  1. Who was Friedrich List?
  1. French artist.
  2. Professor of Economics at the University of Tubingen in Germany.
  3. Philosopher.
  4. Painter.
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