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Unit 1 Ch 1 : The Rise of Nationalism in Europe — Social Studies STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social StudiesUnit 1 Ch 1 : The Rise of Nationalism in Europe4 Marks
Question
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. He had also formed a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals. The failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war. In the eyes of the ruling elites of this region, a unified Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:
  1. What was the name of the secret society formed by Giuseppe Mazzini?
  1. Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Young Italy.
  2. Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Old Italy.
  3. Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Traditional Italy.
  4. Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Old France.
  1. When did Giuseppe Mazzini seek to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic?
  1. During the 1860s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
  2. During the 1730s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
  3. During the 1930s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
  4. During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
  1. Who was the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont?
  1. King Victor David I was the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont.
  2. King Victor Davis II was the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont.
  3. King Victor Emmanuel II was the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont.
  4. King Victor Emmanuel III was the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont.
  1. What did a unified Italy offer the ruling elites of this region?
  1. A unified Italy offered them the possibility of underdevelopment and political dominance.
  2. A unified Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance.
  3. A unified Italy offered them the possibility of underdevelopment and political failure.
  4. A unified Italy offered them the possibility of social breakdown and political failure.
✓

Answer

  1. (a) Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Young Italy.
  2. (d) During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
  3. (c) King Victor Emmanuel II was the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont.
  4. (b) A unified Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance.

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It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active …
'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill will whatever. 'Satyagraha is pure soul force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma …' It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own …
In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India, with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule will collapse within a year.

Q.1. Why did Gandhiji say that passive resistance is not the weapon of the weak?
Q.2. “Satyagraha is pure soul-force” substantiate this statement in 20 words.
Q.3. “Satyagraha is pure soul-force” substantiate this statement in 20 words.
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

A House Loan
Megha has taken a loan of 5 lakhs from the bank to purchase a house. The annual interest rate on the loan is 12 per cent and the loan is to be repaid in 10 years in monthly installments. Megha had to submit to the bank, documents showing her employment records and salary before the bank agreed to give her the loan.
The bank retained as collateral the papers of the new house, which will be returned to Megha only when she repays the entire loan with interest.
Q.1. From which source of credit Megha has taken loan?
Q.2. Explain the terms of credit given in the source.

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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out by personifying a nation. In other words, they represented a country as if it were a person. Nations were then portrayed as female figures. The female form that was chosen to personify the nation did not stand for any particular woman in real life; rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form. That is, the female figure became an allegory of the nation. During the French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic. These ideals were represented through specific objects or symbols. The attributes of Liberty are the red cap, or the broken chain, while Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales. Female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth century to represent the nation. In France, she has christened Marianne, a popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people’s nation. Her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic – the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade. Statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it. Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps. Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Why were Female allegories invented by artists?
  1. Representation of heroism.
  2. Representation of Imperialism.
  3. Representation of the modern state.
  4. Representation of the nation.
  1. Which of the following is an allegory for 'liberty'?
  1. Red Cap.
  2. Crown of Oak.
  3. Olive Branch.
  4. Sword.
  1. What does a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales symbolise?
  1. Peace.
  2. Equality.
  3. Justice.
  4. Liberty.
  1. Which of the following is not true with respect to "Allegory"?
  1. It is a symbol representing an abstract idea.
  2. Artist became an allegory of a nation.
  3. It is an idea expressed through a person or a thing.
  4. An allegorical story has two meanings, one literal and one symbolic.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow :
Exhaustion of Natural Resources Look at the following data for crude oil:
Region/countryReserve (2017)
(Thousand Million Barrels)		Number of Years Reserves
will last
Middle East80870
United States of America5010.5
World169750.2

The table above gives an estimate of reserves of crude oil (column1). More important, it also tells us for how many years the stock of crude oil will last if people continue to extract it at the present rate. The reserves would last only 50 years for the world. However, different countries face different situations. Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.
Q.1. Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? Discuss.
Q.2. India has to import crude oil. What problems do you anticipate for the country looking at the above situation?

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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European Governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church, social hierachies, property and the family - should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-recolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napolean, that modenisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies in Europe. ln 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napolean, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napolean. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. Which of the following statements correctly describes about European conservative ideology?
  1. Preservation of beliefs introduced by Napolean.
  2. Preservation of two sects of Christianity.
  3. Preservation of socialist ideology in economic sphere.
  4. Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society.
  1. Identify the purpose to convene the Vienna of Congress in 1815 from the following options.
  1. To declare competition of German unification.
  2. To restore conservative regime in Europe.
  3. To declare war against France.
  4. To start the process of Italian Unificatiion.
  1. What did conservatives focus on at the Congress of Vienna? Select the appropriate option.
  1. To re-establish peace and stability in Europe.
  2. To establish socialism in Europe.
  3. To introduce democracy in France.
  4. To set up a new Parliament in Austria.
  1. How did the Congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe? Select the appropriate option.
  1. With the restoration of Bourbon Dynasty.
  2. Austria was not given the control of Northern Italy.
  3. Laying out a balance of power between all the great powers in Eutope.
  4. By giving power to the German confederation.
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Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Today, in western Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial Indira Gandhi Canal, though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of tap water. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household's rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Gendathur receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, and with 80 per cent of collection efficiency and of about 10 fillings, every house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually. From the 200 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres.
i. What caused the rooftop rainwater harvesting practice to decline in western Rajasthan? (1)
ii. Why do some homes in western Rajasthan continue to use tankas when tap water is readily available? (1)
iii. Explain the successful adaptation of rooftop rainwater harvesting in Gendathur village in Mysuru, Karnataka, and its impact on water availability. (2)
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was the large scale participation of women. During Gandhiji's Salt March, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in protest-marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail. In urban areas, these women were from high caste families. In rural areas, they came from rich peasant households. Moved by Gandhiji's call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women. Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after home and hearth, be good mothers and good wives. And for a long time, the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation. It was keen only on their symbolic presence.
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
  1. During Gandhiji's Salt March, thousands of women participated in:
  1. Providing service to the nation.
  2. Doing protest marches.
  3. Fighting for struggle.
  4. Widespread resentment.
  1. The women from rural areas, mainly belonging to:
  1. High caste families.
  2. Low caste families.
  3. Rich peasant households.
  4. Dalit societies.
  1. When did Gandhi initiated a movement in Champaran in Bihar against the oppressive indigo plantation system?
  1. 1916
  2. 1920
  3. 1925
  4. 1918
  1. Women thought this as a sacred duty moved by Gandhiji's call:
  1. Looking after home and hearth.
  2. Service to the nation.
  3. Holding position of authority.
  4. Participating in the movement.
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Some comparative data on Kerala, Haryana and Bihar
State
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2017)
Literacy rate %
Net attendance ratio (per 100 per persons) secondary stage (age 14 and 15 years) 2013-2014
2011
Haryana
30
82
61
Kerala
10
94
83
Bihar
35
62
43
Kerala, out of 1000 children born, 10died before completing one year of age but in Haryana the proportion of children dying within one year of birth was 30, which is two times more than that of Kerala. On the other hand, the per capita income of Haryana is more than that of Kerala. Just think of how dear you are toy our parents, think of how every one is so happy when a child is born. Now, try to think of parents whose children die before they even celebrate their first birthday. How painful it must be to these parents? Next, note the year to which this data pertains. It is 2017. So we are not talking of old times; it is70 years after independence when our metro cities are full of high rise buildings and shopping malls. The problem does not end with Infant Mortality Rate. The last column of table 1.4 shows around half of the children aged 14-15 in Bihar are not attending school beyond Class 8. This means that if you went to school in Bihar nearly half of your elementary class would be missing. Those who could have been in school are not there. If this had happened to you, you would not be able to read what you are reading now. How is it that the average person in Haryana has more income than the average person in Kerala but lags behind in these crucial areas? The reason is money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. So, income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, your money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment or ensure that you get unadulterated medicines, unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps. Even now, in many areas, children, particularly girls, are not able to go to high school because the government/ society has not provided adequate facilities. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities. Similarly, in some states, the Public Distribution System (PDS)functions well. Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be better.
  1. Identify the IMR of Haryana in 2017 and the literacy rate of Haryana in 2011 from the following options.
  1. 30%, 82%
  2. 94%, 62%
  3. 40%, 94%
  4. None of these.
  1. From the above passage, identify the reason behind the low infant mortality rate of kerala.
  1. Status of people.
  2. Adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
  3. The per capita income is more.
  4. All of these.
  1. Identify the things that we cannot buy with money.
  1. Pollution free environment.
  2. Protect us from infectious diseases.
  3. Clothes and cars.
  4. Both A and B.
  1. The passage given above is related to which of the following options?
  1. Exhaustion of natural resources.
  2. Tax.
  3. Income and public facilities.
  4. All of these.
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Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The income of countries is considered to be one of the most important attributes for making comparisons between countries. Intuitively, the income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. This gives us the total income of the country. However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of US dollar 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US dollar 955 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low-middle-income countries. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
I. What is the other name of average income? (1)
II. In which category is India classified based on its average income? Explain. (1)
III. Is the average income an important criterion for development? Why? (2)
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Read the given text and answer the following questions:
'It is said of "passive resistance" that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of
this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense
activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active
'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction ... In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.
'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love. Non-violence is the supreme dharma...'It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own...'
Q.1. Why did Gandhiji consider non-violence as supreme dharma?
Q.2. How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his philosophy?
Q.3. Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered a novel way to resist injustice?
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