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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular Structure1 Mark
MCQ
Shape of the molecules is decided by :
  • ✓
    $\sigma-$ bond
  • B
    $\pi-$ bond
  • C
    Both $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds
  • D
    Neither $\sigma$ nor $\pi$ bond
✓

Answer

Correct option: A.
$\sigma-$ bond
The reason that $\sigma$ bonds $($and lone pairs$)$ determine the geometry is that they form the basic skeleton of the molecule, $\sigma$ bonds are formed by head $-$ on overlap of atomic orbitals, meaning that they are oriented a long the imaginery axis connecting two atomic nuclei, and hence concentrate electron density in the region directly between the nuclei, $\pi$ bonds, on the other hand, are essentially orthogonal to the $\sigma$ bond skeleton, and are substantially weaker.
Moreover, $\pi$ bonds do not exist in isolation, meaning any $\pi$ bond between two given atoms is always formed secondarily to the $\sigma$ bond between said atoms.
As such, $\pi$ bonds do not alter the basic idealized geometry of a molecule as dictated by $\sigma$ bonding.

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