- AResonance
- ✓Hyperconjugation
- CSteric effect
- DInductive effect
$\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
12\,\alpha -Hydrogen \\
More\,hyperconjugation
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{\begin{matrix}
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\overset{\alpha }{\mathop{C}}\,{{H}_{3}}\overset{\,\alpha }{\mathop{\,C}}\,{{H}_{3}} \\
\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\
\overset{\alpha }{\mathop{C}}\,{{H}_{3}}-C=C-\underset{\alpha }{\mathop{C}}\,{{H}_{3}} \\
\end{matrix}}}\,$ $\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
6\,\alpha -Hydrogen \\
Less\,Hyperconjugation
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{\overset{\alpha }{\mathop{C}}\,{{H}_{3}}-CH=CH-\overset{\alpha }{\mathop{C}}\,{{H}_{3}}}}\,$
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$(a)$ $H _{2} C _{2} O _{4} \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ HC _{2} O _{4}^{-}$
$(b)$ $HC _{2} O _{4}^{-} \rightleftharpoons H ^{+}+ HC _{2} O _{4}^{2-}$
$(c)$ $H _{2} C _{2} O _{4} \rightleftharpoons 2 H ^{+}+ C _{2} O _{4}^{2-}$
The relationship between $K_{a_{1}}, K_{ a _{2}}$ and $K_{ a _{3}}$ is given as

