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carbon and its compounds — Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Sciencecarbon and its compounds4 Marks
Question
What are structural isomers? Give examples.
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Answer

  • Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are known as structural isomers.
  • Examples:
  • (1) Structural isomers of butane $\left(\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_{10}\right)$
  • (a)
H H H H | | | | H - C - C - C - C - H OR $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$ | | | | n-Butane (Butane) H H H H
  • (b)
H H H | | | H - C - C - C - H OR $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_3$ | | | | H | H $\mathrm{CH}_3$ H – C – H Isobutane | (2-Methylpropane) H
  •  (2) Structural isomers of pentane $\left(\mathrm{C}_5 \mathrm{H}_{12}\right)$
  • $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2$ n-Pentane
(Pentane) $\text { (b) } \mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2 \text { Isopentane | (2-Methylbutane) } \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3 \text { (c) } \mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_3 \text { Neopentane | } \mathrm{CH}_3(2,2-$Dimethyl-propane$)$
  • (3) Structural isomers of hexane $\left(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14}\right)$
  • (a) $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2$ n-Hexane
(Hexane) (b) $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2$ 2-Methylpentane | $\mathrm{CH}_3$ (c) $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$ 3-Methylpentane | $\mathrm{CH}_3$ (d) $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}_3$ 2,3-Dimethylbutane | | $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3$ | (e) $\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$ 2,2-Dimethylbutane | $\mathrm{CH}_3$

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