Motivation And Emotion — Psychology STD 11 Humanities — Question
CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 HumanitiesPsychologyMotivation And Emotion3 Marks
Question
What are the main biological needs? Discuss its main features.
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Answer
Hunger:
When someone is hungry, the need for food dominates everything else. It motivates people to abstain and consume food.
The stimuli for hunger include stomach contraction, which signify that the stomach is empty, a low level of protein etc.
The aroma, taste or appearance of food may also result in a desire to eat.
Changes in the metabolic functions of the liver result in a feeling of hunger. The liver sends a signal to a part of the brain called hypothalamus. The two regions of hypothalamus involved in hunger are the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the ventro-medial hypothalamus (VMH). LH is considered to be the excitatory area.
The VMH is located in the middle of the hypothalamus, which is otherwise
known as hunger-controlling area which inhibits the hunger drive.
Thirst:
Water-loss occurs through evaporation, breathing, perspiration and urination.
When water is lost by bodily fluids, water leaves the interior of the cell. The anterior hypothalamus contains nerve cells called osmo receptors, which generate nerve impulses in case of cell dehydration. These nerve impulses act as a signal for thrust.
Sex:
Motivation to engage in sexual activity is a very strong factor influencing human behaviour. Sex drive increases the tension or arousal.
Homoeostasis is not the goal of sexual activity.
Sex drive develops with age. It reflects the interplay of both biological and learned factors.
Cultures differ widely in many matters related to sexual behaviour.
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