Enhancement of Food Production — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question
Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYEnhancement of Food Production3 Marks
Question
What is biogas? Write in brief about the production process.
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Answer
Biogas is a mixture of methane $CH _4(50-60 \%), CO _2(30-40 \%), H _2 S(0-3 \%)$ and other gases $\left( CO , N _2, H _2\right)$ in traces.Biogas production process:
a. A typical biogas plant consists of digester (made up of concrete bricks and cement or steel and is partly buried in the soil) and gas holder (a cylindrical gas tank to collect gases).
b. Raw materials like cow dung is mixed with water in equal proportion to make slurry which is fed into the digester' through a side opening (charge pit).
Anaerobic digestion involves following processes:
i. Hydrolysis or solubilization:
Anaerobic hydrolyzing bacteria like Clostridium and Pseudomonas hydrolyse carbohydrates into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids and lipids into fatty acids.
ii. Acidogenesis:
Facultative and obligate anaerobic, acidogenic bacteria convert simple organic substances into acids like formic acid, acetic acid, $H _2$ and $CO _2$
iii. Methanogenesis:
Anaerobic methanogenic bacteria like Methanobacterium, Methanococcus convert acetate, $H _2$ and $CO _2$ into Methane, $CO _2$ and $H _2 O$ and other products.
$12 mol CH_3 COOH \rightarrow 12 CH_4+12 CO_2 4 mol H . COOH \rightarrow CH_4+3 CO_2+2 H_2 OCCO_2+4 H_2 \rightarrow CH_4+2 H_2 O$
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