Question
What is 'calcination'? How does it differ from 'roasting'?
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Answer
Calcination is the process of heating the concentrated ore such as carbonate or hydrated oxide to a high temperature in the absence of air.
| Roasting | Calcination |
| Ore is heated in excess of air. | Ore is heated in the absence or limited supply of air. |
| This is used for sulphide ores. | This is used for carbonate ores. |
| $SO_2$ is produced along with metal oxide. | $CO_2$ is produced along with metal oxide. |
| e.g. $2 ZnS +3 O _2 \xrightarrow{\Delta} 2 ZnO +2 SO _2$ | e.g. $ZnCO _3 \xrightarrow{\Delta} ZnO + CO _2$ |
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