Question
What is infant mortality rate?

Answer

Physical Quality Life Index $\text{(PQLI):}$
$1.$ Increase in national income and per capita income has a number of limitations. Hence, these two are not the real indicators of economic development.
$2.$ If the income of the country has increased but if the rise is seen only by a limited class of people then it cannot be termed as development.
$3.$ The development of a country should be such that the living standards of the poor rise and the basic requirements of the citizens are fulfilled.
$4.$ Keeping these things in mind Morris Davis Morris developed the Physical Quality of Life Index $\text{(PQLI).}$
$5.\text{PQLI}$ attempts to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. This index refers betterment of physical quality of life of human beings as economic development.
$6.$ In order to derive the index of $\text{PQLI,}$ the level of physical quality of life i.e. $\text{PQL}$ is determined through various indicators.
$7.$ If a country’s physical quality of life is higher than that of the other country, then that country is considered as more developed.
$8.$ Morris included three indicators or say determinants for measuring the physical quality of life. These three determinants are:
  1. Literacy,
  2. Life expectancy and
  3. Infant mortality rate.
Thus, $\text{PQLI =}$ Literacy level $+$ Life expectancy index $+$ Infant mortality index.
The three factors (determinants) of physical Quality of Life
Literacy level Life expectancy infant mortality rate
Literacy level of the country determines situation of education. The literacy rate can be determined by the percentage of educated people in the country. Numbers of years a child is expected to live at the time of birth is known as life expectancy. It shows the average life of the child born. If the life expectancy rises it can be said that the medical services of the country are good. The number of infants that die out of every $1000$ infants before completing their first year is known as infant mortality. If infant mortality rate decreases, it can be said that health care services of the country are good.
After $2003,$ three more aspects were included in $\text{PQLI}$ and Quality of Life Index $\text{(QLI)}$ was prepared in the world.

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