Theory Base of Accounting — Account STD 11 Commerce — Question

Matching Concept states that all expenses incurred during the year, whether paid or not, and all revenues earned during the year, whether received or not, should be taken into account while determining the profit of that year. For Example: When some expense such as insurance premium is paid partly for the next year also, the part relating to next year will be shown as expense only next year not this year.
This concept is very important for correct determination of net profit. It is possible that in the same accounting period, the business may either pay or receive payments that may or may not belong to the same accounting period.
This leads to either overcasting or under-casting of the profit or loss, which may not reveal the true efficiency of the business and its activities in the concerned accounting period. Similarly, there may be various expenditures like, purchase of machinery, buildings, etc.
These expenditures are capital in nature and their benefits can be availed over a period of time. In such cases, only the depreciation of such assets is treated as an expense and should be taken into account for calculating profit or loss of the concerned year. Thus, it is very necessary for any business entity to follow the matching concept.