Security in the Contemporary World — Political Science STD 12 Humanities — Question

Examine the U.S. hegemony as a structural power.

Study the cartoon given below and answer the following questions:

Assess any three challenges that the Congress Party had to face during the period from 1964 to 1971.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions:The Janata Party made the 1977 elections into a referendum on the Emergency. Its election campaign was focused on the non-democratic character of the Congress rule and on the various excesses that took place during this period. In the backdrop of arrests of thousands of persons and the censorship of the Press, the public opinion was against the Congress.

1. What is meant by ‘referendum’?
2. ‘‘Acts like arrests of thousands of persons and the censorship of the Press during the Emergency period were non-democratic.’’ Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer with one suitable argument for/ against each act.
3. In spite of winning the 1977 elections with a thumping majority, why could the Janata Party remain in power only for a short period? Explain.

The Assam Movement from 1979 to 1985 is the best example of such movements against 'outsiders'. The Assamese suspected that there were huge numbers of illegal Bengali Muslim settlers from Bangladesh. They felt that unless these foreign nationals are detected and deported, they would reduce the indigenous Assamese into a minority. There were other economic issues too. There was widespread poverty and unemployment in Assam despite the existence of natural resources like oil, tea and coal. It was felt that these were drained out of the State without any commensurate benefit to the people.

1. Name the group that led the movement against outsiders in 1979.
2. Why did the Assamese seek the detection and deportation of the outsiders?
3. what were the economic issues taken up as part of the movement?

"Congress had remained a social and ideological coalition for a long period." Justify the statement.

India’s relations with Russia are an important aspect of India’s foreign policy. How was it of great benefit to India?

Study the passage given below and answer the question that follow. In fact, the BSP under Kanshi Ram‘s leadership was envisaged as an organisation based on pragmatic politics. It derived confidence from the fact that the Bahujans (SCs, STs, OBCs and religious minorities) constituted the majority of the population and were a formidable political force on the strength of their numbers.

1. Which organisation was formed by Kanshi Ram?
2. Give the full form of BSP?
3. Name any two religious minorities?
4. Why are the Bahujans considered a formidable political force?

Read carefully the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The New Congress had something that its big opponents lacked - it had an issue, an agenda and a positive slogan. The Grand Alliance did not have a coherent political programme. Indira Gandhi said that the opposition alliance had only one common programme 'Indira Hatao'. In contrast to this, she put forward a positive programme captured in the famous slogan 'Garibi Hatao'.

1. Which Congress is being referred to as 'The New Congress'?
2. Highlight any two steps taken by Indira Gandhi to remove poverty.
3. How far is it justified to call the 'Opposition Alliance' as the 'Grand Alliance'?

Describe any four factors which deprived the common man in China to reap the benefits of dramatic improvement in the Chinese economy.