Question
What is meant by strong and weak acids; and weak and strong bases?
✓
Answer
- The strength of acids and bases depends on the number of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$and $\mathrm{OH}^{-}$ ions present in the solution.
- For example, one molar hydrochloric acid and one molar acetic acid form different amounts of hydrogen ions $\left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right)$. Therefore, in spite of same concentration, their acidic strengths are different.
- The acid which produces $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ ions in more quantity in water is called strong acid.
- For example, $\mathrm{HCl}_{,} \mathrm{HNO}_3, \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$, etc.
- The acid which produces $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ ions in less quantity in water is called weak acid.
- For example, $\mathrm{HCOOH}, \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}, \mathrm{HCN},...,etc.$
- The base which produces $\mathrm{OH}^{-}$ ions in more quantity in water is called strong base.
- For example,$\mathrm{NaOH}, \mathrm{KOH}, \mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2,...,etc.$
- The base which produces $\mathrm{OH}^{-}$ ions in less quantity in water is called weak base.
- For example,$\mathrm{NH}_3, \mathrm{NH}_4 \mathrm{OH}, \ldots$,etc.
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