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Heredity and Evolution — Science STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceHeredity and Evolution3 Marks
Question
What is molecular phylogeny?
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Answer

Phylogenetics is the science of estimating and analyzing evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic relationships among micro-organisms are especially difficult to discern. Molecular biology often helps in determining genetic relationships between different organisms. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins are 'information molecules' in that they retain a record of an organism's evolutionary history.
Molecular phylogeny uses such data to build a "relationship tree" that shows the probable evolution of various organisms.
  1. The application of molecular phylogeny is in DNA barcoding, wherein the species of an individual organism is identified using small sections of mitochondrial DNA or chloroplast DNA.
  2. One more application is used in determining a child's paternity, known as DNA fingerprinting.

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