Microbes in Human Welfare — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Why is pedigree analysis done in humans? List two reasons why the Mendelian experiments cannot be carried out in human beings.

Explain co-dominance in humans with the help of example.

At the time of Independence, the population of India was 350 million, which exploded to over 1 billion by May 2000. List any two reasons for this rise in population and any two steps taken by the government to check this population explosion.

Write the answer of questions based on given diagram.

(i) In which cell does take place spermatogenesis? Write name.
(ii) Write the name of ‘a’ and ‘b’ cells. What is the difference in both of them based on chromosome number?
(iii)Mark the mitotic cell and write its name.
(iv) What is ‘f’ cell? Write its function also.
(v) To which structure does the above diagram belong? Write the name. 

Fed up of a large family, a couple wanted to adopt a terminal method of contraception. Describe the process conducted by the doctor in either of the cases-male/ female partner.

Certain molecular processes are given in column (A). Provide the terms given to these processes in column (B), after selecting them from the terms:
Recombination, gene regulation, prokaryotic transcription, eukaryotic transcription, translation, replication, gene transfer, DNA fingerprinting

S.No.	Column A	Column B
(i)	DNA → DNA
(ii)	DNA → hRNA
(iii)	mRNA → Protein
(iv)	Repressor Protein + Operator → No  transcription

Distinguish between Nitrification and Denitrification.

Explain (in one or two lines) the function of the followings:

Name the hormonal composition of the oral contraceptive used by human females. Explain how does it act as a contraceptive.

What is splicing? Why is splicing necessary in eukaryotic genes?