Question
What is soap? How does it act in the cleansing of clothes?
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Answer
Soap: Soap are Sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acids, such as Lauric acid $\left( C _{11} H _{23} COOH \right)$, Palmitic acid $\left( C _{15} H _{31} COOH \right)$.
Micelle Formation during Cleasing Action: Soap is used to clean dirty cloths become dirty due to
accumulation of dust and oily or greasy substances, but the hydrocarbon group $R _1$ of the soap anion $RCOO ^{-}$can do so. When dirty cloth is soaked in soap solution, the hydrocarbon part $\left( C _{17} H _{35} COO ^{-}\right)$of the sterate ion $\left( C _{17} H _{35} COO ^{-}\right)$is nonpolar and called the tail, dissolves in oil or grease (a hydrocarbon) and its the head is $COO ^{-}$ polar which gets solvated with molecules in water and forms colloidae shapes particles, which are called each particle of Micelles is surrounded by negative charges (rectangular heads of soap) which repee each other and get suspended in water so that they then Re-stick to the items to be cleaned, when the cloth is rinsed with water, the oily or fatty odors dissolve and came out, the purification process of soap is shown in the figure below.
Micelle Formation during Cleasing Action: Soap is used to clean dirty cloths become dirty due to
accumulation of dust and oily or greasy substances, but the hydrocarbon group $R _1$ of the soap anion $RCOO ^{-}$can do so. When dirty cloth is soaked in soap solution, the hydrocarbon part $\left( C _{17} H _{35} COO ^{-}\right)$of the sterate ion $\left( C _{17} H _{35} COO ^{-}\right)$is nonpolar and called the tail, dissolves in oil or grease (a hydrocarbon) and its the head is $COO ^{-}$ polar which gets solvated with molecules in water and forms colloidae shapes particles, which are called each particle of Micelles is surrounded by negative charges (rectangular heads of soap) which repee each other and get suspended in water so that they then Re-stick to the items to be cleaned, when the cloth is rinsed with water, the oily or fatty odors dissolve and came out, the purification process of soap is shown in the figure below.
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