India’s External Relations — Political Science STD 12 Humanities — Question

Distinguish between the economic ideologies of the Congress Party and the Swatantra Party formed in 1959.

What is meant by New International Economic Order? Mention any four reforms of the global trading system proposed by UNCT AD in 1972.

Describe any three elements which are part of the growing consensus among most political parties in India after 1989.

Explain any three environmental concerns in global politics.

Explain the circumstances that led to the mid-term elections in 1980.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions:
The interim government took a firm stance against the possible division of India into smaller principalities of different sizes. The Muslim League opposed the Indian National Congress and took the view that the States should be free to adopt any course they liked. Sardar Patel, India's Deputy Prime Minister and the Home Minister during the crucial period, immediately after Independence, played a historic role in negotiating with the rulers of Princely States in bringing most of them into the Indian Union.

1. Which government has been referred to as the interim government?
2. Why did the Muslim League oppose the Indian National Congress?
3. What makes the role of Sardar Patel a historic one? Explain.

How has globalisation created an intense division of opinion all over the world? Explain.

‘India and China are emerging as great economic powers'. Do you agree? Justify your answer with any three arguments.

Describe any three environmental concerns that have become issues of global politics.

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the following questions:India stands to benefit from its relationship with Russia on issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, sharing information on international terrorism, access to Central Asia and balancing its relations with China. Russia stands to benefit from this relationship because India is the second largest arms market for Russia. The Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia. Since India is an oil importing nation, India is important to Russia and has repeatedly come to the assistance of India during its oil crises. India is seeking to increase its energy imports from Russia and the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Cooperation with these republics includes partnership and investment inoilfields. Russia is important for India’s nuclear energy plans and assisted India’s space industry also.

1. How did Russia help India on Kashmir issue?
2. How do good relations with Russia help India to balance its relations with China?
3. In what way did Russia help the space industry of India?
4. How did India and Russia get benefitted from each other? Give on example from each side.