Boron shows anomalous behaviour in its groups because of its small size and non-availability of $d$-orbitals.
It resembles silicon and shows a diagonal relationship with it.
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Reason : Free energy change for this process is positive.
$(A)\,S_{\left( g \right)}^ - \,\, \to \,\,S_{\left( g \right)}^{2 - }\,$
$(B)\,Na_{\left( g \right)}^ + \, + \,Cl_{\left( g \right)}^ - \,\, \to \,\,NaCl\,(s)$
$(C)\,{N_{\left( g \right)}}\, \to \,\,N_{\left( g \right)}^ - $
$(D)\,Al_{\left( g \right)}^{2 + }\, \to \,\,Al_{\left( g \right)}^{3 + }$
$[ R =$ gas constant, $F =$ Faraday constant, $T =$ Temperature $]$
$(A)$ For the reaction, $M (s)+2 H ^{+}(a q) \rightarrow H _2(g)+ M ^{2+}(a q)$, if $\frac{ dE _{c o l l}}{ dT }=\frac{ R }{ F }$, then the entropy change of the reaction is $R$ (assume that entropy and internal energy changes are temperature independent).
$(B)$ The cell reaction, $Pt (s) \mid H _2(g, 1$ bar $)\left| H ^{+}(a q, 0.01 M ) \| H ^{+}(a q, 0.1 M )\right| H _2(g, 1 bar ) \mid Pt (s)$, is an entropy driven process.
$(C)$ For racemization of an optically active compound, $\Delta S >0$.
$(D)$ $\Delta S >0$, for $\left[ Ni \left( H _2 O \right)_6\right]^{2+}+3$ en $\rightarrow\left[ Ni ( en )_3\right]^{2+}+6 H _2 O$ (where en $=$ ethylenediamine).
