The Making of the National Movement: 1870s--1947 — Social Studies STD 8 — Question

“Literacy in itself is not education”
Mahatma Gandhi wrote:
By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit. Literacy is not the end of education nor even the beginning. It is only one of the means whereby man and woman can be educated. Literacy in itself is not education. I would therefore begin the child’s education by teaching it a useful handicraft and enabling it to produce from the moment it begins its training … I hold that the highest development of the mind and the soul is possible under such a system of education. Only every handicraft has to be taught not merely mechanically as is done today but scientifically, i.e. the child should know the why and the wherefore of every process.
The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 72, p. 79’
Questions:

1. How does Mahatma Gandhi view literacy?
2. Why does he give so much emphasis on learning a useful handicraft?

Answer the following questions.
Why are resources distributed unequally over the earth?

Give two examples.
Cottage industries: __________ and __________.

State one reason why you think reservations plays an important role in providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis.

Describe the factors affecting the distribution of population.

What is the importance of water resources?

"The British had regained control of the country by the end of 1859, but they could not carry on ruling the land with same policies". 
(I) How did the British regain control of India by the end of 1859? 
(II) Why the British changed their policies after the 1857 rebellion?

Explain the system of 'subsidiary alliance'.

What are the main responsibilities of the Prime Minister in the Indian parliamentary system?

State Article 17 in the Right to Equality, in the Indian constitution.