TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND TRADE. — Social Science STD 10 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social ScienceTRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND TRADE.4 Marks
Question
Write a short note on roadways of India.
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Answer
Indian roadways can be divided into - $(1)$ National Highway. $(2)$ State Highway, $(3)$ District Roads, $(4)$ Village (Approach) Roads and $(5)$ Border Roads.
$(1)$ National Highways:
The highway that connects one state with other is called national highway. For example, National Highway $No. 48 (N.H. 48)$ connects Gujarat with Mumbai.
Highways are extremely important for economic development of the nation.
They are also a very safe means of transport.
It is the central government who builds and takes care of the national highways.
National highways inter-connect state capitals, large industrial and commercial cities and major ports.
These roads also connect India with neighbouring countries like Myanmar, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and China
National Highway $No. 7$ is the longest (single) highway of the country. It extends from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. National Highway $no. 7$ is the longest single highway of India which means it is not formed by marging several highways. National highway $no. 44$ is the longest highway of India but it is formed by merger of several highways. It starts at Srinagar and ends at Kanya kumara.
The Golden Quadrilateral is a national highway network which connects all the four metro cities of India namely Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
National Highway $No. 27 ,41, 47 , 141, 147 ,$ etc. pass through Gujarat. These numbers were changed by the Government of India in $2010.$
The length of national highways in the union territories namely Chandigarh, Puducherry and Delhi and state of Goa is more as compared to their population.
Next comes the states of Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, etc.
The total length of national highways is less in states like Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat where there is more population.
$(2)$ State Highways:
The highways that connect major cities within the state are called state highways.
State highways are important for trade and industries.
These highways connect with all the districts and also with the national highways that pass through that state.
The responsibility of construction and maintenance of these roads lies with the state government.
$(3)$ District roads:
District roads connect villages and the main cities with the district headquarters as well as talukas with districts.
The responsibility of construction and maintenance of these roads lies with the district panchayat.
Earlier district roads of Gujarat were not metalled. But now most of them are converted into metalled roads.
$(4)$ Village roads:
The construction and the maintenance of village roads is done by gram panchayat.
Most of the village roads are 'kutcha road' i.e.unmetalled and hence they cannot be used in the monsoon.
These roads which connect the roads passing by the villages are unmetalled and so these are not useful in rainy season
The government under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is trying to improve these roads and hence village transportation under this schemethe government is making attempts to conert these roads into metalled roads.
$(5)$ Border roads:
Border road organization $(BRO)$ was established in $1960$ to construct and maintain roadsin the border area.
These roads are extremely important for national security because they help in movement of defence personnel, equipment and food over and above allowing the movement of general public.
$BRO$ also constructs roads in inaccessible remote area, maintains them, clears the snow, landslides, etc.
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