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life processes — Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Sciencelife processes4 Marks
Question
Write brief explanation about heterotrophic nutrition.
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Answer

  • Heterotrophic nutrition is shown in non-chlorophyllous organisms.
  • Complex nutrients prepared by other organisms are used by heterotrophs.
  • This form of nutrition differs depending on the type and availability of food material as well as how it is obtained by the organisms.
  • $(1)$ Food source is stationary such as grass used by a cow.
  • $(2)$ Food source is mobile such as deer used by a lion.
  • There is a range of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the organisms.
  • $(1)$ Some organisms breakdown the complex food material outside the body and then absorb it.
  • e.g., fungi like bread moulds, yeast and mushrooms.
  • $(2)$ Some organisms take in complex material and break it down inside their bodies.
  • The materials can be taken in and broken down depends on the body design and functioning.
  • $(i)$ Herbivorous animals use only plant materials e.g., cow, deer.
  • $(ii)$ Carnivorous use other animals e.g., tiger, lion.
  • $(iii)$ Omnivorous animals use other animals and their products, plants and their products as their food e.g., cockroach, man, etc.
  • $(3)$ Some other organisms derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing them.
  • This parasitic nutritive strategy is used by a wide variety of organisms.
  • e.g., cuscuta (amar-bel), ticks lice, leech, tapeworms, etc.

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