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Human Health and Disease — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYHuman Health and Disease5 Marks
Question
Write comments on the following- (1) Cocaine (2) Ringworm (3) Ascariasis (4) Fluid immune response.
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Answer

(1) Cocaine : Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from the coca plant Erythroxylum coca. It is a plant originally from South America. It hinders the transport of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Cocaine which is commonly called Coke or Crack. It is pulled by forceful breathing. It has a strong stimulating effect on the central nervous system, causing euphoria and increased energy.
Excessive amounts of cocaine cause hallucinations. Other famous plants which have hallucinogenic properties are Atropa belladonna and Datura (see Fig.).
Image
Fig. : Flowering branch of Datura
(2) Ringworm : This disease is caused by fungi of the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton etc. It is a common infectious disease in humans. Dry, scaly lesions on various parts of the body such as skin, nails and scalp are the main symptoms of this disease. These lesions cause severe itching. Heat and moisture help these fungi grow in skin folds, such as in the groin or between the toes. Ringworm is usually spread through soil or by using clothes, towels or even combs of infected people.
(3) Ascariasis : This disease is caused by roundworms called Ascaris. This worm is a parasite found in the human intestine.
Symptoms of this disease are internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anemia and intestinal obstruction. The eggs of this parasite (Ascaris) come out with the feces of the infected person and contaminate the soil, water, plants etc. In a healthy person, infection occurs through consumption of water, vegetables, fruits etc.
Image
Fig. : Shown the ringworm affected area of the skin
(4) Fluid Immune Response : In this type of immunity, different types of B-lymph cells are determined to destroy the effects of different types of bacteria, viruses and toxic substances that enter the body. A specific type of lymphocyte produces specific globulin proteins to destroy a specific type of invading organism or toxin. This protein is present in blood, lymph and tissue fluid.
By passing through it, it destroys disease-causing organisms or poisonous substances. Such proteins are immune globulins in nature and are called antibodies. Since the specific interaction between these antibodies and antigens usually occurs in a liquid medium like blood or lymph, it is called liquid or circulatory mediated immunity or liquid immune response.

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