INDIA: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES. — Social Science STD 10 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social ScienceINDIA: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES.4 Marks
Question
Write in detail about the types of Electricity.
✓
Answer
Electricity was invented for industrial and domestic use.
It was invented after the Industrial Revolution but there is scarcity of minerals used in the production of electricity.
Man has to utilize solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy to produce energizing power. There are three types of electricity:
Thermal Electricity:
It is obtained by using coal, petroleum and natural gas.
There are over $310$ thermal power plants in India.
In the total production of electricity in India, the share of thermal electricity is about $70\%.$ Coal is comparatively cheaper so it is widely used in thermal energy.
Coal pollutes environment so thermal power stations should be set up far from residential areas, Assam,Orissa, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Delhi are significant producers of thermal electricity.
The largest thermal power plant in Gujarat is Dhuvaran and the others are Wanakbori, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Porbandar, Sikka, Kandla and Panandhro.
Hydroelectricity:
The production of hydro electricity doesn’t involve combustion.
It is smokeless and pollution free.
It is called white coal.
The initial expense is very high but once the plant is set up it is highly economical.
For the production of hydro-electricity water must fall from a great height.
Hydro-electricity is produced on a large scale in Norway, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, US and Russia.
The Shivsamudram situated over Kaveri in Karnataka is the largest hydro-power station of India.
The other main producers are Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Assam and Uttar Pradesh.
Nuclear Energy:
It is generated from radioactive minerals like uranium and thorium.
About $120\ lakh$ KW electric energy can be obtained from nuclear fission of only $450$ grams of uranium which is equivalent to the energy produced from $60,000$ tonnes of coal.
These minerals are found in Jharkhand and Rajasthan.
There are six nuclear power stations in India.
They are located at Tarapore (Maharashtra), Kalpakkam near Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Rawatbhata (Rajasthan), Narora (Uttar Pradesh), Kakarapar (Gujarat) Kaiga (Karnataka).
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.