INDIA: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES. — Social Science STD 10 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social ScienceINDIA: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES.4 Marks
Question
Write in detail regarding the energy resource coal.
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Answer
Coal is fossil vegetation and is called Black Diamond.
It’s importance increased after the Industrial Revolution.
It takes millions of years to form in sedimentary rocks.
Thermal energy is produced from coal.
We get by products like tar, ammonia gas, ammonium sulphate, benzol and crude oil.
Good quality coal is found in areas located between $35^\circ $ and $45^\circ $ latitudes.
$USA$ leads in the production of coal. It is also found in abundance in Russia, UK, Germany, India, China and South African countries.
In India it is found in the states of West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgadh, Assam, Tamilnadu, Kashmir, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
In Gujarat it is found in Kutch, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Mehsana and Surat.
The $GMDC ($Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation$)$ does the work of mining coal in Gujarat.
The main types of coal are:
Anthracite:
It is the best quality coal and it is also called soft coke.
It has $90-95\%$ carbon content.
It is hard, black and has a shine. It burns with smokeless blue flame and less ash.
It forms only $5\%$ of the total quantity of coal in the world.
Bituminous:
It ranks second in quality and gives a product called Bitumen.
It has $70-90\%$ carbon content.
It is less hard, black and less shining. It burns with a smoky yellow flame.
It is found in more quantity so it is widely used in railways and factories.
Lignite:
It is called brown coal. It has $40-60\%$ carbon content.
It produces smoke and ash.
It loses moisture so it breaks into small pieces.
It is used by thermal power stations, railways and for producing coal tar.
Peat:
It is brown in colour, contains more than $80\%$ moisture and has $30-45\%$ carbon content.
It gives more smoke and less heat so it is not used in factories.
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