Question
Write note on oxides and oxoanions of $3d$ transition metals.
✓
Answer
$\rightarrow$ The ability of oxygen to stabilize the high oxidation states of metal than fluorine is higher because it forms a multiple bonds with a metal.
$\rightarrow$ The metal oxide in lower oxidation state is basic while in higher oxidation state are acidic.
$\rightarrow$ The metal oxides having metals in intermediate oxidation states are amphoteric.
e.g.
Oxides of $3d$ Metals
* mixed oxides
$\rightarrow$ In the covalent oxide $\ce{Mn_2O_7}$, each Mn is tetrahedrally surrounded by $O$ 's including a $\ce{Mn - O - Mn}$ bridge. The tetrahedral $\left[ \ce{MO _4}\right]^{ n -}$ ions are known for $\ce{V ^{ V }, Cr ^{ VI }, Mn ^{ V }, Mn ^{ VI }}$ and $\ce{Mn ^{ VII }}$.
$\rightarrow$ The metal oxide in lower oxidation state is basic while in higher oxidation state are acidic.
$\rightarrow$ The metal oxides having metals in intermediate oxidation states are amphoteric.
e.g.
| Acidic oxide |
Basic oxide |
Amphoteric oxide |
| $\ce{Mn_2O_7}$ | $\ce{MnO}$ | $\ce{Mn_3O_4, Mn_2O_3, MnO_2}$ |
| $CrO$ | $\ce{Cr_2 O_3}$ |
| Oxidati on NUmber | $3$ | $4$ | $5$ | $6$ | $7$ | $8$ | $9$ | $10$ | $11$ | $12$ | ||
| $+7$ | $Mn _2 O _7$ | |||||||||||
| $+6$ | $CrO _3$ | |||||||||||
| $+5$ | $V _2 O _5$ | |||||||||||
| $+4$ | $TiO _2$ | $V _2 O _4$ | $CrO _2$ | $MnO _2$ | ||||||||
| $+3$ | $\ce{Sc_2O_3}$ | $Ti _2 O _3$ | $V _2 O _3$ | $Cr _2 O _3$ | $ Mn _2 O _3$ $Mn _3 O _4^*$ |
$MnO$ | $ Fe _2 O _3$ $Fe _3 O _4^*$ |
$CoO$ | $Co _3 O _4{ }^*$ | |||
| $+2$ | $TiO$ | $VO$ | $(CrO)$ | $MnO$ | $FeO$ | $CoO$ | $NiO$ | $CuO$ | $ZnO$ | |||
| $+1$ | $Cu _2 O$ |
$\rightarrow$ In the covalent oxide $\ce{Mn_2O_7}$, each Mn is tetrahedrally surrounded by $O$ 's including a $\ce{Mn - O - Mn}$ bridge. The tetrahedral $\left[ \ce{MO _4}\right]^{ n -}$ ions are known for $\ce{V ^{ V }, Cr ^{ VI }, Mn ^{ V }, Mn ^{ VI }}$ and $\ce{Mn ^{ VII }}$.
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