1. Write the resonating structures for SO_3 and NO_2. 2. Which hy… - Vidyadip

Question

Write the resonating structures for $SO_3$ and $NO_2.$
Which hybrid orbitals are used by C-atoms in the following molecules:
1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2$
2. $\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$
Although geometries of $NH_3$ and $H_2O$ molecules are distorted tetrahedral, bond angle in water is less than that of ammonia. Discuss.

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Answer

$\ 3\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 2\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\\\text{CH}-\text{CH}=\text{CH}_2$

$C_1 = sp^2$

$C_2 = sp^2$

$C_3 = sp^3$

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ 1\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 2\|\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{H}$

$C_1 = sp^2$

$C_2 = sp^3$

In both $NH _3$ and $H _2 O ; N$ and O are $sp ^3$ hybridised but due to the presence of lone pair/ s on central atom N and O respectively, they acquire distorted tetrahedral geometries. There is only one lone pair on N but 2 lone pairs on 0; There by since lone pair-lone pair repulsion > lone pair-bond pair repulsion; lone pairs on o push the bond pairs in $H _2 O$ more closer decreasing the bond angle in water more than in ammonia.

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