The Central Islamic Lands — History STD 11 Humanities — Question

How did long term changes in population levels affect economy and society in Europe?

Discuss the achievements of Deng Xiaoping.

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:
Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901)
Born in an impoverished samurai family, he studied in Nagasaki and Osaka learning Dutch and Western sciences and, later, English. In 1860, he went as a translator for the first Japanese embassy to the USA. This provided material for a book on the West, written not in the classical but in the spoken style that became extremely popular. He established a school that is today the Keio University. He was one of the core members of the Meirokusha, a society to promote Western learning.
In The Encouragement to Learning (Gakumon no susume, 1872-76) he was very critical of Japanese knowledge: 'All that Japan has to be proud of is its scenery'. He advocated not just modern factories and institutions but the cultural essence of the West-the spirit of civilisation. With this spirit it would be possible to build a new citizen. His principle was: 'Heaven did not create men above men, nor set men below men.'
Questions:

1. What do you know about Fukuzawa Yukichi?
2. What did he advocate?
3. Mention the name of the book in which he was critical of Japanese knowledge.

Discuss how daily life was transformed as Japan developed.

“Cortes without any explanation placed the emperor under house arrest and attempted to rule his name.” Explain how it happened?

Tale of the Genji
A fictionalised diary of the Heian court written by Murasaki Shikibu, the Tale of the Genji became the central work of fiction in Japanese literature. That period saw the emergence of many women writers, like Murasaki, who wrote in the Japanese script, while men wrote in the Chinese script, used for education and government. The novel depicts the romantic life of Prince Genji and is a striking picture of the aristocratic atmosphere of the Heian court. It shows the independence that women had in choosing their husbands and living their lives.
Questions:

1. What were the different scripts used by various writers?
2. What depicts the freedom of women?
3. Who wrote a fictionalised diary of the Heian court?

Go through the chapter carefully and pick out some basic features of Roman society and economy which you think make it look quite modern.

Describe the religious beliefs of Mongols.

D.H.Lawrence (1885-1930), British essayist and novelist, writing seventy years after Dickens, described the change in a village in the coal-belt, change which he had not experienced, but about which he had heard from older people.
'Eastwood must have been a tiny village at the beginning of the nineteenth century, a small place of cottages and fragmentary rows of little four-roomed miners' dwellings, the homes of the old colliers. But somewhere about 1820 the company must have sunk the first big shaft and installed the first machinery of the real industrial colliery. Most of the little rows of dwellings were pulled down, and dull little shops began to rise along the Nottingham Road, while on the down-slope the company erected what is still known as the New Buildings little four-room houses looking outward into the grim, blank street, and the back looking into the desert of the square, shut in like a barracks enclosure, very strange.
Questions:

1. What do you know about D.H. Lawrence? What did he describe?
2. Which particular class is he referring to?
3. Write a few effects of early industrialisation on villages and towns.

What were the main characteristics of Renaissance?