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Question 21 Mark
Alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. Explain this fact.
Answer
Alcohol is a polar solvent. It form hydrogen bond with water molecules while hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses does not form hydrogen bond due to being non-polar. Hence alcohol is more soluble in water.
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Question 31 Mark
Explain why propanol has higher boiling point than that of the hydrocarbon, butane?
Answer
The - OH group in propanol form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, thus it requires a lot of energy to break this hydrogen bond, as a result the boiling point increases. In butane the weak Van der Waals force of attraction present which requires less energy.
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Question 101 Mark
Write equation of the reaction :
Nitration of anisole.
Answer
Nitration of anisole with a mixture of concentrated $H _2 SO _4$ and conc. $HNO _3$, a mixture of ortho and para nitroanisole is formed.
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Question 231 Mark
Write the equation of the reaction of hydrogen iodide with :
methoxybenzene
Answer

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In this $- O - CH _3$ bond is weaker than $- O - C _2 H _5$ bond, hence phenol is formed, not $CH _3- OH$.
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Question 241 Mark
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the ethers by Williamson's synthesis :
1-Methoxyethane
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Question 251 Mark
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the ethers by Williamson's synthesis :
2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
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Question 261 Mark
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the ethers by Williamson's synthesis :
Ethoxybenzene
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Question 271 Mark
Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the ethers by Williamson's synthesis :
1-Propoxypropane
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Question 341 Mark
Give reason for the higher boiling point of ethanol in comparison to methoxymethane.
Answer
In ethanol, intermolecular H-bonding occurs. To break these hydrogen bonds, more energy is required. Whereas dipole-dipole attraction (Van der Waals force) is found in methoxymethane, required less energy to break bonds. Therefore the boiling point of ethanol is higher than that of hydroxymethane.
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Question 351 Mark
Name the reagents used in the reaction :
Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.
Answer
Lithium aluminium hydride $\left( LiAlH _4\right)$ or sodium borohydride $\left( NaBH _4\right)$.
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Question 361 Mark
Name the reagents used in the reaction :
Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene.
Answer
Hot and conc. $H _2 SO _4$.
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Question 371 Mark
Name the reagents used in the reaction :
Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid.
Answer
Acidic solution of $KMnO _4$.
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Question 381 Mark
Name the reagents used in the reaction :
Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol.
Answer
Aqueous solution of Bromine.
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Question 391 Mark
Name the reagents used in the reaction :
Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde.
Answer
Hot reduced copper or pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC).
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Question 401 Mark
Name the reagents used in the reaction :
Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid.
Answer
Acidic solution of $KMnO _4$ (or acidic $\left.K _2 Cr _2 O _7\right)$.
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1 Marks Question - Chemistry STD 12 Science Questions - Vidyadip