Question 14 Marks
Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The f-block consists of elements in which 4f and 5f orbitals are progressively filled. They are placed in a separate panel at the bottom of the periodic table. The names transition metals and inner transition metals are often used to refer to the elements of d-and f-blocks respectively. The d-block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table flanked between s and p blocks in the periodic table. In general, the electronic configuration of the outer orbitals of these elements is (n-1)d1-10ns1-2. The electronic configurations of outer orbitals of Zn, Cd, Hg and Cn are represented by the general formula (n - 1)d10ns2. The transition metals and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition metal also forms an alloy. An alloy is a blend of metals prepared by mixing the components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
i. Transition metals form alloys. Justify?
ii. Why do transition elements exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization?
iii. Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour. Give reason.
The f-block consists of elements in which 4f and 5f orbitals are progressively filled. They are placed in a separate panel at the bottom of the periodic table. The names transition metals and inner transition metals are often used to refer to the elements of d-and f-blocks respectively. The d-block occupies the large middle section of the periodic table flanked between s and p blocks in the periodic table. In general, the electronic configuration of the outer orbitals of these elements is (n-1)d1-10ns1-2. The electronic configurations of outer orbitals of Zn, Cd, Hg and Cn are represented by the general formula (n - 1)d10ns2. The transition metals and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition metal also forms an alloy. An alloy is a blend of metals prepared by mixing the components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
i. Transition metals form alloys. Justify?
ii. Why do transition elements exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization?
iii. Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour. Give reason.
Answer
View full question & answer→i. The transition metals are quite similar in size and, therefore, the atoms of one metal can substitute the atoms of other metal in its crystal lattice. Thus, on cooling a mixture solution of two or more transition metals, solid alloys are formed.
ii. The high enthalpies of atomization are due to a large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms. Therefore, they have stronger interatomic interactions and hence, stronger bonding between atoms.
iii. Transition elements and many of their compounds are paramagnetic, i.e., they are weakly attracted by a magnetic field. This is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in atoms, ions or molecules. The paramagnetic character increases as the number of unpaired electrons increases.
ii. The high enthalpies of atomization are due to a large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms. Therefore, they have stronger interatomic interactions and hence, stronger bonding between atoms.
iii. Transition elements and many of their compounds are paramagnetic, i.e., they are weakly attracted by a magnetic field. This is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in atoms, ions or molecules. The paramagnetic character increases as the number of unpaired electrons increases.