Social Studies VSQ (2 Marks)

India is a vast country where many states are bigger than countries in Europe. Soon after Independence, the constitution declared India as a union of states. The success of Federalism in India is due to the following reasons:
i. The formation of linguistic states has made the country more united and has also made administration easier.
ii. Mobilisation.
iii. Flexibility in following the language policy.
iv. New culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of state governments.
v. Administrative knowledge of the people at all the levels.
vi. Efficacy to solve all kinds of issues at respective levels.

Some features of Intensive Subsistence agriculture are
i. It is practiced in areas of high population.
ii. It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
iii. The right of inheritance leading to division of land among successive generations has rendered land holding size uneconomical.
iv. The farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence of alternative source of livelihood. Thus there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.
v. It is practised by majority of the farmers in the country.
vi. It is characterised by small and scattered land holdings and use of primitive tools.
vii. Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families.

Napoleon introduced the following changes in order to make the administrative system in Europe much more efficient.
i. By the Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code, all such privileges that were based on birth were done away with.
ii. There was a much more efficient administrative system.
iii. The Right to Property was secured.
iv. The administrative divisions were simplified.
v. The feudal system was abolished.
vi. The peasants were freed from serfdom and dues.
vii. Guild restrictions were removed in the towns as well.
viii. There was improved transport and communication.
ix. Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed new-found freedom uniform laws, standardised weights and the measures facilitated the movement of goods and capital from one region to another.
Reactions to these changes: Businessmen and small scale producers of goods, in particular, began to realise.

The provisions of Treaty of Vienna were as follows:
i. There was restoration of the power of the Bourbon dynasty in France.
ii. France lost all the territories that it had annexed while under the rule of Napoleon.
iii. Genoa was added to Piedmont in the South and the kingdom of Netherlands was set-up in North.
iv. New territories were added to Prussia on its western frontier.
v. Austria was granted control over Northern Italy.
vi. Russia was given part of Poland and Prussia was given a part of Saxony.

The languages that are dominantly spoken in Belgium are Dutch and French.