Social Studies SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS(3 Mark)

There has been a big change in the three sectors of economic activities but a similar shift has not taken place in the share of employment due to the following reasons:
i. There has been an increase in the industrial output by 8 times but employment in the sector has increased only by 2-5 times.
ii. The production of services rose by 11 times in the tertiary sector but employment in the services rose only by 3 times.
iii. More than 50% of workers in the country are working in the primary sector producing only one-quarter of the goods.
iv. Secondary and tertiary sectors produce three-fourths of the product whereas they only employ half of the country's workers.
v. Primary sector has disguised employment whereas workers in secondary and tertiary sectors work overtime.

The new system of local self-government is the largest experiment in Indian democracy. The significant achievements of this government are
i. The constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country.
ii. They have made local administration much easier and more effective.
iii. It has increased women's representation and voice in our democracy.
iv. The local government structure goes right upto the district level.
At the same time the local self-government has many difficulties. These are
i. While elections are held regularly, Gram Sabhas are not held regularly to review the performance of the Gram Panchayat.
ii. Most State Governments have not transferred significant powers and adequate resources to the local governments.
iii. We are thus still a long way from realising the ideal of self government.

The following table presents the above-mentioned data:

Sector	Organised Sector	Unorganised	Total
A number of workers.	4,00,000	11,00,000	15,00,000
Income in Rs.	32,000 million	28,000 million	60,000 million

The following steps should be taken in order to generate more employment in the
city:
i. More companies need to be brought under the organised sector so that workers from the organised sector may get jobs there.
ii. The government should encourage agro-based industries apart from small-scale industries and cottage industries.
iii. The government should promote loan facility on a simple and easy condition at a low- interest rate.
iv. At the same time, labour-intensive techniques must be adopted in place of the capital- intensive technique.
v. The tertiary sector should be more developed and road, bridges, dams, services road, school building, residential colonies, the commercial building should be constructed.  

i. The given chart shows the steps of value addition in the textile industry. The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings.
ii. The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value-added products.

The following two factors contribute to the wide dispersal of the chemical industry all over India as:
i. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer, therefore many organic chemical industries are located near the oil refineries and big petrochemical complexes.
ii. In the inorganic chemical industry, the raw materials used are lightweight and so they are cheap and easy to transport.

Yes, it is really very difficult to imagine a world without printed matter because of the following reasons:
i. Everywhere in our surroundings, we find evidence of print, i.e. in books, journals, newspapers, prints of famous paintings, etc.
ii. We see printed materials in everyday things like theatre programmes, official circulars, calendars, diaries, advertisements, cinema posters, government notifications etc.
iii. It is a true medium of mass communication like newspaper, journals and books, etc. We read printed literature, see printed images, follow the news through different newspapers and track public debates that appear in print.
iv. Printed matter helps in preservation and dissemination of history, scientific knowledge and culture, etc.