Social Studies VSQ (2 Marks)

The main features of a federal form of government are:
i. The power is divided between the central authority and its various constituent units.
ii. All levels of governance will govern the same citizens, but their jurisdiction will be different.
iii. Any change in the fundamental provisions of the Constitution has to be passed by both the houses of the Parliament and then ratified by the legislatures of at least half the number of states.

i. In India, primitive form of cultivation is called Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.
ii. Podu or Pennda in Andhra Pradesh
iii. Pama dabi or Koan or Bringa in Orissa.
iv. Kumari in Western Ghats.
v. Valre or Waltre in South eastern Rajasthan.
vi. Khil in Himalayan belt.
vii. Kuruwa in Jharkhand and Jhumming in the North eastern region.

Romanticism was a movement in literature and arts, that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing subjectivity, inspiration and the supremacy of the individual.
a. Critical approach towards science and reason: Glorification of reason and science was criticised by the romantic artists, rather they favoured emotions, intuitions and mystical feelings.
b. Folk culture as the spirit of the nation: Romantics like the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that the true spirit of the nation could be popularised through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances. He held the view that true German culture could be discovered only among the common people, the Das Volk
c. Emphasis on vernacular language: They gave emphasis on vernacular language to carry the modern nationalist message to a large audience who were mostly illiterate and to recover the national spirit.

The effects of revolutionary upheaval in France in 1830 were as follows:
1. The Bourbon dynasty which was restored in 1815 was overthrown by the liberal
revolutionaries.
2. Louis Philippe became the head of the constitutional monarchy that was installed.
3. Belgium broke away from the United Kingdom of Netherlands following an uprising in
Brussels. 

Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country.