Social Studies SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS(3 Mark)

The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was opposed by the people of India in the following manner:
i. Gandhi began non-violent civil disobedience with a hartal on 6 April.
ii. Rallies were organized in various cities.
iii. Workers of the 12 railway workshops went on strike and shops were closed.
iv. The two renowned leaders of the Congress, Dr. Satya Pal, and Dr. Saifuddin Kithlew were arrested on 10th April.
v. On 13th April, a public meeting was held at Jallianwala Bagh in a small park enclosed by buildings on all sides to protest against the arrest. General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the innocent civilians who had gathered from the city of Amritsar and outside to attend a peaceful meeting.

Simon Commission:
a. The new Tory government in Britain constituted a Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon. It was set up in response to the nationalist movement.
b. Simon Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest changes. The Commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British. According to Indians, the commission did not hold any hopes for further constitutional reforms.
c. Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928. It was greeted with the slogan 'Go Back Simon' and black flags.
d. All parties, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.