Social Studies Question(1 Marks)

San Jose State University.

Tommie Smith & John Carlos tried to draw international attention to racial discrimination by wearing black socks, and no shoes/The black-gloved raised clenched fists with heads bowed.

The U.S society is divided into three hierarchical arrangement. The division of social classes is based on wealth, education, income and occupation.

The black gloved and raised clenched fists were meant to symbolise Black Power.

Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.

They were African-Americans who had won the gold and bronze medals respectively in the 200 metres race in the 1968 Olympics held at Mexico city.

In Northern Ireland, class and religion overlap with each other. Here Catholics are more likely to be poor, they may have suffered a history of discrimination.

Peter Norman was a White Australian athlete. He had won the silver medal in the 200 metres race in the 1968 Olympics. He supported these two African-Americans by wearing a human rights badge on his shirt during the medal ceremony.

A homogeneous society is a society that has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences. Two countries which are highly homogeneous- Germany and Sweden.

In it, the groups that share a common interest on one issue are likely to be in different sides on a different issue.

Catholics and Protestants have had conflicts in Northern Ireland.

With this gesture, they tried to draw international attention to racial discrimination in the United States. The black-gloved and raised clenched fists were meant to symbolize BLACK POWER.

Black Power was a movement that emerged in 1966 to end racism in USA and advocate violence, if necessary.

Social division takes place when some social difference overlaps with other differences.

In India, Dalits tend to be poor and landless and they often face discrimination and injustice.

This movement adopted non-violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory laws and practices.

The Democratic and humanitarian the ideology expressed in the gesture.

Martin Luther King Jr. led the Civil Rights Movement in the USA.

The university honoured their students by installing their statue (of 20 feet high sculpture) in the university campus.

The silver medallist, white Australian athlete, Peter Norman, wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the ceremony to show his support to the two Americans.

Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

A society that has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences. For example, Germany and Sweden.

All of them were athletes and all won medals in Mexico Olympics.

Norman too suffered for his action and was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympics.

Their action succeeded in gaining international attention for the Civil Rights Movement in the US. Recently, the San Jose State University, of which they were former students, honoured them and installed their statue in the University Campus.

Tommie Smith and John Carlos were black while Peter Norman was a white. Smith and Carlos were from US while Norman was from Australia.

Social division affects voting in most countries. People from one community tend to prefer some party more than others. In many countries there are parties that focus only on one community.

In 2005, the San Jose State University installed a 20-foot high sculpture representing the protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

The Protestants were represented by Unionists, who wanted to remain with the UK which is predominantly Protestants.

The Catholics were represented by Nationalist parties, who demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the Republic of Ireland, a predominantly catholic country.

Demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community are easier to accommodate.

In our country, dalits tend to be poor, and landless. They often face discrimination and injustice.

Political completion along religious and ethnic lines led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

By wearing black socks and no shoes, they tried to draw international attention to racial discrimination in the United States.

He was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympic.

The politics and social divisions must not be allowed to mix. Wherever they exist, these divisions are reflected in the politics, but it is dangerous.

Northern Ireland.

People around us are male or female, tall or short, have different kinds of complexions, have different physical abilities or disabilities.

The International Olympic Association held Carlos and Smith guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement. Their medals were taken back. Back home, they were subjected to a lot of criticism.

Hundreds of civilians, militants and security forces were killed in the fight between Unionists and Nationalists and between the security forces of UK and the Nationalists.

In 2005, the San Jose State University installed a 20 - Foot high sculpture representing the protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

This movement emerged in 1966 and lasted till 1975. It was a militant anti-racist movement, advocating even violence if necessary to end racism in the US.

The aim of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA was to abolish legal racial discrimination against African Americans.

Social differences arise due to the differences based on accident of birth, religions, language and caste.

Some people are atheists, they don’t believe in God or any religion. Some people choose to follow a religion other than the one in which they were born. These differences are based on our choices.

The silver medalist, white Australian athlete, Peter Norman, wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the ceremony to show his support to the two Americans.

Yugoslavia did not have a happy end. Political competition along religious and ethnic lines led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.

The outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate.

They received their medals wearing black socks and no shoes to represent Black Poverty.

In Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other. Catholics and Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich. So, there is no conflict in Catholics and Protestants.