Psychology 2 Marks Question

Environmental theory: Skinner explains language acquisition in terms of enforcement Children's speech is shaped by the care-givers who selectively reinforce appropriate linguistic behaviours. Other views on learning theory suggest imitation as the basis of language learning.
The Nativist Theory: Chomsky proposed that language acquisition is innate.

• He proposed the notion of Transformational grammar.
• He suggested that children are born with a powerful language acquisition device (LAD) which represents a knowledge of universal grammar or grammar of all human languages.

Creative thinking is solving problems creatively.It involves the production of something new and original:

• Creative thinking is a type of thinking that involves the production of novel and original ideas or solutions to problems.
• It is a new way of thinking or thinking differently.
• Creative thinking refers to originality and uniqueness of ideas or solutions that did not previously exists.
• It is generally characterized what Bruner calls “effective surprise".
• Creative thinking is always socially appropriate in a particular context.
• Simply thinking of being different without any purpose, indulging in fantasy without a goal or bizarre ideas are not creative thinking.
• Creativethinkingisrealityoriented, appropriate, constructiveand socially desirable.

Everyone has the potential to be creative. There is one need to be an artist or scientist to be a creative thinker. Creativity can be reflected in various areas of human activity of different levels like in writing, cooking, conversation, dialogues etc. This concept of everyday creativity which is reflected in one's way of perceiving, thinking and problem solving is different from 'special talent creativity' seen in outstanding creative achievements.

We have different terms for mother's brother, father's elder brother etc. An English person uses just one word 'uncle' to describe all these relationships. Benjamin Lee Whorf gives the view that language determines the contents of thought.

• This view is known as linguistic relativity hypothesis.
• This hypothesis holds what and how individuals can possibly think is determined by the language and linguistic categories they use (Linguistic determinism).

Cognition is a general term that refers to the process of knowing or acquiring knowledge:

• Thinking is a complex mental process involved in manipulating information, either collected through the senses or stored in memory.
• Reasoning is a process of thinking that involves inference and is goal directed. Problem solving is thinking directed towards the solution of a specific problem.
• Judgement is a power by which we form opinions, arrive at conclusion, to make critical evaluation about objects, and people on the basis of available information.