4 Marks Questions

Question 14 Marks

In each question below are two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the two given statements to be variance from commonly known facts and decide which of the given conclusions logically follows the two given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Give answer :
(a) if only conclusion I follows
(b) if only conclusion II follows
(c) if either I or II follows
(d) if neither I nor II follows
(e) if both I and II follow
(i) Statements :
(i) Some fools are intelligent.
(ii) Some intelligent are great.
Conclusions :
I. Some fools are great.
II. All great are intelligent.
(ii) Statements :
(i) All stones are water.
(ii) Some waters are clean.
Conclusions :
I. Some stones are clean.
II. No stone in clean.
(iii) Statements :
(i) All keys are locks.
(ii) All locks are screws.
Conclusions :
I. All screws are keys.
II. Some locks are keys.
(iv) Statements :
(i) Some books are pen.
(ii) No pen is pencil.
Conclusions :
I. Some books are pencil.
II. No books is a pencil.

Answer

(i) Conclusion I is mediate inference and conclusion II is immediate inference. Since, middle term is not distributed conclusion I does not follow. Conclusion II is not true as per the rule of immediate inference. Hence, option (d) is correct i.e., neither I nor II follows.
(ii) Conclusion I and II are mediate inference since, middle term is not distributed no conclusion follows. But both the conclusions form a complimentary pair. Hence, either I or II follows i.e., option (c).
(iii) Conclusion II follows being the converted form of statement (i). Conclusion I is mediate inference and does not follow as the term screws is not distributed in the statement. Hence, only conclusion II follows i.e., option (b).
(iv) Both the conclusions are mediated inferences and do not follow because the term which is distributed in the conclusion is not distributed in the statement. Hence, option (d) is correct i.e., neither I nor II follows.

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Question 24 Marks

Read the following information carefully to answer the questions given below it.
(I) ' $A+B^{\prime}$ means ' $A$ is the father of $B^{\prime}$
(II) ' $A-B^{\prime}$ means ' $A$ is the wife of $B^{\prime}$
(III)' $A \times B^{\prime}$ means ' $A$ is the brother of $B^{\prime}$
(IV) ' $A \div B^{\prime}$ means ' $A$ is the daughter of $B^{\prime}$
(i) If $P \div R+S+Q$ which of the following is true?
(a) $P$ is daughter of $Q$
(b) $Q$ is the aunt of $P$
(c) $P$ is the aunt of $Q$
(d) $P$ is the mother of $Q$
(d) None of these
(ii) If $P-R+Q$ which of the following statement is true?
(a) $P$ is the mother of $Q$
(b) $Q$ is the daughter of $P$
(c) $P$ is the aunt of $Q$
(d) $P$ is the sister of $Q$
(d) $P$ is the niece of $Q$
(iii) If $P \times R \div Q$ which of the following is true?
(a) $P$ is uncle of $Q$
(b) $P$ is the father of $Q$
(c) $P$ is the brother of $Q$
(d) $P$ is the son of $Q$
(d) None of these
(iv) If $P \times R-Q$ which of the following is true?
(a) $P$ is brother-in-law of $Q$
(b) $P$ is the brother of $Q$
(c) $P$ is the uncle of $Q$
(d) None of these

Answer

(i) ' $S+Q^{\prime}$ means is the father of $Q$ and ' $R+S^{\prime}$ means $R$ is the father of $S$. This means that $R$ is the grand daughter of $Q$. Now, $P \div R$ means $P$ is the daughter of $R$. This clearly means $P$ is the aunt (father's sister) of $Q$.
Hence, statement (c) is true.
(ii) From the relation given in the question, $P-R+Q$, $R$ is the father of $Q$, and $P$ is the wife of $R$. It is clear that $P$ is the mother of $Q$.
Hence, statement (a) is true.
(iii) Clearly, from the information given in the question, $R$ is the daughter of $Q$ and $P$ is the brother of $R$.
Therefore, $P$ is son of $Q$.
Hence, statement (d) is true.
(iv) Clearly, from the information $R$ is the wife of $Q$, and $P$ is the brother of $R$. Therefore, $P$ is related as brother-in-law to Q .
Hence, statement (a) is true.

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Question 34 Marks

Study the following statements A, B, C, D and E and answer the following questions :
(A) 1, 5,9 means : 'you better go'
(B) 1, 6, 7 means : 'better come here'
(C) 5,6,7 means : 'you come here'
(D) 1,5,6 means : 'better you here'
(E) 3,7,9 means : 'come and go'
(i) How many minimum number of statements are necessary to find the code no. of 'better' ?
(ii) Which numeral means 'go' ?
(iii) Which numeral means 'you' ?
(iv) Which numeral means 'and' ?

Answer

(i) In statements A and B, A and D & B and D common word is 'better' and in all the combinations common code is 1 . Hence, code no, of better is 1 and minimum number of required statements are 2 (two).
(ii) In statements A and E common word is 'go' and common code no. is ' 9 '. Hence, numeral ' 9 ' means 'go'.
(iii) In statements A and C common words is 'you' and common code no. is ' 5 '. Hence, numeral ' 5 ' means 'you'.
(iv) From statements B, C and E, it is clear that common word is 'come' and its code no. is 7 . Now, we know that code no. for go is 9 and code no. for come is 7 . Hence, from statement E , it is clear that code no. for 'and' is ' 3 '.

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Question 44 Marks

In a certain code 'Ding Dong Dang' means 'A Hacking the enemy', 'Ping Pond Dong' means 'Enemy is retreating', 'Ding Ping Mong' means 'Attacking and retreating'.
From the above information, answer the following questions-
(i) Which code stands for Enemy ?
(ii) Which code stands for Attacking ?
(iii) Which code stands for Retreating ?
(iv) Which code stands for And?

Answer

Let
(I) Ding Dong Dang-Attacking the enemy
(II) Ping Pond Dong-Enemy is retreating
(III) Ding Ping Mong-Attacking and retreating
(i) In the I and II sentences, common word is 'enemy' and common code is 'Dong'. Hence, 'Dong' stands for 'enemy'.
(ii) In the I and III sentences, common word is 'Ding' and common code is 'Attacking'. Hence, code for 'Ding' is 'Attacking'.
(iii) From the II and III sentences, we can see that common word is 'Ping' and common code is 'retreating'. Hence, 'Ping' stands for 'retreating'.
(iv) From the III sentence, it is clear that 'Mong' stands for 'and'.

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