Question 15 Marks
Prove that: $\cos 36^{\circ} \cos 42^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ} \cos 78^{\circ}=\frac{1}{16}$.
Answer
View full question & answer→We have to prove that $\cos 36^{\circ} \cos 42^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ} \cos 78^{\circ}=\frac{1}{16}$.
$\text{LHS} =\cos 36^{\circ} \cos 42^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ} \cos 78^{\circ}$
By regrouping the $\text{LHS}$ and multiplying and dividing by $2$ we get,
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(2 \cos 78^{\circ} \cos 42^{\circ}\right)$
But $2 \cos A \cos B = \cos (A + B) + \cos (A - B)$
Then the above equation becomes,
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(\cos \left(78^{\circ}+42^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(48^{\circ}-42^{\circ}\right)\right)$
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(\cos \left(120^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)\right)$
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(\cos \left(180^{\circ}-60^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)\right)$
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(-\cos \left(60^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)\right)$
Now, $\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{4}$
$\cos \left(60^{\circ}\right)=\frac{1}{2}$
Substituting the corresponding values, we get
$=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{4}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{4}\right)$
$=\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{16}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+1-2}{4}\right)$
$=\left(\frac{(\sqrt{5})^2-1^2}{16 \times 4}\right)$
$=\left(\frac{5-1}{64}\right)$
$\frac{1}{16}$
$\text{LHS = RHS}$
Hence proved.
$\text{LHS} =\cos 36^{\circ} \cos 42^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ} \cos 78^{\circ}$
By regrouping the $\text{LHS}$ and multiplying and dividing by $2$ we get,
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(2 \cos 78^{\circ} \cos 42^{\circ}\right)$
But $2 \cos A \cos B = \cos (A + B) + \cos (A - B)$
Then the above equation becomes,
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(\cos \left(78^{\circ}+42^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(48^{\circ}-42^{\circ}\right)\right)$
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(\cos \left(120^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)\right)$
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(\cos \left(180^{\circ}-60^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)\right)$
$=\frac{1}{2} \cos 36^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}\left(-\cos \left(60^{\circ}\right)+\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)\right)$
Now, $\cos \left(36^{\circ}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{4}$
$\cos \left(60^{\circ}\right)=\frac{1}{2}$
Substituting the corresponding values, we get
$=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{4}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{4}\right)$
$=\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{16}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{5}+1-2}{4}\right)$
$=\left(\frac{(\sqrt{5})^2-1^2}{16 \times 4}\right)$
$=\left(\frac{5-1}{64}\right)$
$\frac{1}{16}$
$\text{LHS = RHS}$
Hence proved.
