Psychology 2 Marks Question

Psychometric approach.

Giftedness is an exceptional general ability shown in superior performance in wide variety of areas.

Culture.

Distribution of IQ score in a population:
IQ scores are distributed in such a way that the IQ scores of most people tend to fall in the middle range of the distribution. Most people show moderate level of performance i.e. in the middle range of the distribution.
Very few are on extremes showing:-

1. Extreme high (excellent) performance. (2.2%)
2. Extremely low (very poor) performance. (2.2%)

Frequency distribution for IQ Scores - tends to approximate a bell-shaped curve. It is calledNormal Curve Where the curve does not touch the x-axis.
There is no one with 0 IQ.
(may be supported by drawing normal curve showing distribution of IQ in the population).

Self-repot.

1. The psychometric approach focuses on the structure of intelligence or its underlying dimension. Information processing approach emphasises cognitive function underlaying intelligent behaviour.
2. The psychometric deals with ‘what’ of intelligence and information processing on ‘how’ of intelligence.

Aptitude.

Emotional Intelligence:

• Refers to the ability to process emotional information accurately and efficiently.
• It is a set of skills that underlie accurate appraisal, expression and regulation of emotions. It is the feeling side of intelligence. Some people feel difficulty in their life due to non-acceptance of emotions of others.
• The ability to monitor one's own and other's emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one's thinking and actions (Salovey & Mayer).

Linguistic Intelligence - (skills involved in the production and use of language).

• Capacity to use language fluently and flexibly to express one's thinking and to understand others.
• Persons high on this intelligence are 'word-smart'.
• Poets, writers.

Experiential.

Aptitude - It is a combination of characteristics that indicates an individual’s capacity to acquire some specific knowledge or skill after ‘training.

Interest.

Psychometric approach.

Information Processing Approach:
It describes the processes people use in intellectual reasoning and problem-solving.
It mainly focuses on how an intelligent person acts and cognitive functioning underlying intelligent behaviour. Intelligence is not a single entity.

Information processing approach:
Describes the processes people use in intellectual reasoning and problem-solving. The major focus of this approach is on how an intelligent person acts.
Emphasises studying cognitive functions underlying intelligent behaviour.

Simultaneous Processing: It takes place, when we perceive the connection between concepts and integrate them into a meaningful pattern for understanding. Simultaneous processing helps in grasping the meaning and relationship between the given abstract figures.
Successive Processing: It takes place, when we remember all the information serially so that recall of one leads to the recall of another. This includes learning of digits and alphabets.

Spatial Intelligence - (Skills in forming images and patterns) refers to the abilities involved in forming, using and transforming mental images.

• Pilots, sailors, sculptors, painters, architects, interior decorators and surgeons are likely to have highly developed spatial intelligence.

Technological Intelligence:

• Skills of generalisation and abstraction.
• Speed.
• Minimal moves.
• Mental manipulation.
• Skills of attention.
• Observation.
• Analysis.
• Performance.
• Achievement-orientation.

Experiential.

Emotional Intelligence

• Refers to the ability to process emotional information accurately and efficiently.

Alternate Answer

• It is a set of skills that underlie accurate appraisal, expression and regulation of emotions. It is the feeling side of intelligence.

Some people feel difficulties in life due to non - acceptance of emotions of others.

Alternate Answer

• The ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions, to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions.

Alternate Answer

• Any relevant explanation (Salovey & Mayer) amounting to any one of the above.

Aptitude.

Robert Sternberg - Triarchic Theory.

• Practical Intelligence; ability to deal with environmental demands faced on a daily basis; street-smart, business sense.
• Easily adapt to present environment or select a more favourable environment, or modify their environment to fit their needs.
• Marks not to be deducted for not writing Sternberg’s or his theory’s name.

1. IQ is a good predictor of potential.
2. EQ is a good predictor of success.

Researchers had proved that:

• EQ helps in dealing with students who are stressed and face challenges of the outside world.
• It improves the academic performance.
• It is very useful in preparing students to face the challenges of life outside the classroom.
• They are less anti-social and more co-operative.