Biology 1 Marks Question

Golden rice is transgenic rice having gene coding for vitamin A synthesis enzyme. Golden rice was developed by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, rich in vitamin A (beta carotene). The rice grains are golden yellow in colour due to colour it gets from the beta carotene.

Using agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes are introduced into host plants.

Chakravarthy bug is a super bug of Pseudomonas with multiple plasmids. They are helpful in removing oil spills.

The proinsulin is cleaved to remove extra stretch called the C-peptide to form mature insulin having only A-chain and B-chain joined by disulphide bond.

Chimeric DNA molecules are produced by inserting a foreign segment of DNA into the DNA molecule of a vector.

It is a transgenic variety of cotton which contains a foreign gene obtained from bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis.

ELISA works on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction.

US patent law does not recognise technologies and methods in use to other countries as ‘prior past’. The common items of biopiracy are soil micro-organisms, plant, animals and their genetic materials.

When we consume GM food, following problems arise:

1. GM food may cause toxicity.
2. The bacteria present in the alimentary canal of human could take up the antibiotic resistant gene which is present in GM food, that will cause problem.

Yeasts are simplest unicellular eukaryotic organisms and like bacteria they are genetically well characterised, easy to grow and manipulate. They can be readily cultured in small culture vessels as well as in large-scale bioreactors.

Cry protein producing gene is transferred to the plant to provide resistance against insect larvae.

Some Children ADA deficiency can be cured by bone marrow transplantation, in others it can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA IS given to the patient by injection.
But the problem with both of these approaches that they are not completely curative.

A molecule of insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains A and B. The chain A has 21 amino acids and chain B has 30 amino acids.

1. Infection by virus having RNA genome.
2. Mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate.

cry IAc and cry IIAb control cotton bollworm and cry I Ab-controls corn borer.

cry genes are the genes found in 'Bacillus thuringiensis' a bacterium. These genes encode for protein crystals that contain a toxic insecticidal protein called Bt toxin.

ELISA.