3 Marks Each

Question 13 Marks

Why is child labour more in demand$?$

Answer

Reason for more demand of children as labourers:
$(1)$ Child labour is the cheapest factor of production. Compared to adult more work can be taken from children that too by giving lesser wages.
$(2)$ Unlike adult employees, the children are ignorant and not united. Due to lack of unity, they can neither raise their voice nor can they protest.

As a result, child labourers can be easily exploited in various ways and they would not even come to know that they are getting exploited.

$(3)$ Many times adults refuse to work in hard and hazardous condition. Children can be easily bribed to work there by paying little wages.

Children can be forced to work for more hours over the scheduled time either by threatening or tempting.

$(4)$ Child labourers are easily available.
$(5)$ Poor families push their children into work when actually it is their age of taking education. They feel that children should work and support the family. This thought adds more child labour in the market.

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Question 23 Marks

Describe the objectives of food safety bill.

Answer

The National Food Security Act $(NFSA), 2013$ is a food based act formed on the basis of Right to Food $(RTF).$ This bill was implemented on $5^{th}$ July, $2013$ by Central Government.
Gujarat government implemented this Bill in Gujarat under the name of Maa Annapurna Yojna.
The term 'food security' means that "every person gets nutritious food for remaining active and for healthy life and procurement of food".

Objective of Food Security Bill:
$(1)$ To satisfy the demands of food of the increasing population of the country. Moreover, ensuring quality and quantity of food and providing it at low rate.
$(2)$ Important steps should be taken and encouragement should to be given to increase production of nutritious food so that malnutrition among people and children can be curbed.
$(3)$ To make Pubic Distribution System $(PDS)$ very strong, transparent and simple.
$(4)$ To provide food security to the families who are in the top order of Antyodaya Yojana and BPL list and to guarantee nutritious food in proper quantity and at concessional rate.
$(5)$ To help the pregnant women and feeding mothers to get nutritious food.

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Question 33 Marks

Explain "Child development is a pre-condition for economic development".

Answer

Although children are the future assets of the nation, they are the least protected ones in our society
Progress of any nation depends on the overall development of its children.
If the nation provides proper facilities and environment for good education, health, proper food and shelter then the children on growing will become well educated responsible citizens.
They will then in turn contribute in the development of family, society and nation.
It is the duty of every citizen to see that children of our country are physically healthy and able mentally cheerful and their mental abilities are properly developed.
Moreover, it is also moral duty of the government to take care about the childhood and good life of the children of nation.

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Question 43 Marks

Why is it necessary to have general knowledge about laws$?$ OR Why is it necessary to provide information about basic laws and rights$?$

Answer

Every person should have information about basic laws and rights due to following reasons:
$(1)$ People well aware about laws generally do not break them. This saves them from crime and hence from punishment, conviction, etc.
$(2)$ If people are exploited or denied of some basic rights then they can approach the right person and channel to seek legal guidance against the injustice.
$(3)$ They can enjoy constitutional rights and protect individual interests.
$(4)$ People can gain knowledge about various legal provisions made for their protection and prosperity.
$(5)$ Their loyalty towards society, state and nation increases.
$(6)$ People feel safe and motivated and hence contribute in formation of society.
$(7)$ If everybody has proper knowledge of laws, they can lead a life of esteem and pride.Thus, it is essential to have knowledge and understanding of laws.

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Question 53 Marks

State the main seven promotions for right to free and compulsory education.

Answer

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted by the Parliament in $2009.$ According to this Act, primary education has been made free and compulsory for all children in the age group of $6$ to $14$ years.
children in the age group of $6$ to $14$ years.
The main provisions of the Act are as follows:
Every child in the age group $6$ to $14$ years should get admission in a school close to his/her locality. Admission cannot be refused for the failure to provide the proof of age, i.e. birth certificate.
The age of admission should be $6$ years. In case the parents are not able to provide the proof of age, an age-related affidavit by the parents should suffice.
There shall be no discrimination made in the admission. Any type of fees, such as donation, deposits or capitation fee shall not be taken for admission.
The practice of taking interview of child and/or parents at the time of admission should be discontinued. Income of parents, their educational qualification and capabilities shall not be taken into consideration while giving admission.
A child having attained $14$ years of age but unable to complete primary education should be imparted free education to enable him/her to complete primary education. The pre-primary education to children in the age groups of $3$ to $5$ years, have been brought within the purview of law. Rules have been framed for special training for pre-primary teachers. $25\%$ seats in the first standards in the government recognized primary schools have been reserved for the children from the $BPL$ families.
School teachers are not allowed to take private tuitions. The under-qualified teachers are required to improve their qualification within five years from the date of appointment. Any child who has not completed primary education cannot be terminated from school until being transferred.
The fees of the $SC/ST$ students in the private schools shall be paid by the government.
To ensure the compliance of these provisions, a scheduled management, tribunal or state council shall be formed. The Director of the Education shall have power to levy line or terminate recognition of the school for non-compliance of the provision of the Act.

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Question 63 Marks

Which juvenile rights are included in Indian Constitution$?$

Answer

In 1922, the United Nations declared the juvenile rights i.e. the rights of the children in its Charter of Rights with an objective to protect the children and take care of their development and welfare.
India has adopted these juvenile rights and has placed them in our Constitution.

Juvenile rights for every Indian child:
$(1)$ Every child has the right to live without discrimination on the basis of caste, colour, language or nationality.
$(2)$ It is the right of the child to get proper upbringing by the parents. A child cannot be separated from the parents without any strong and valid reason.
$(3)$ It is the legal right of the child to get education so that he can develop his personality.
$(4)$ Every child has right to live a healthy life. The child also has a right to live life merrily by participating in games and entertainment
$(5)$ Every child has right to conserve his culture and live among his religious community.
$(6)$ Every child has right to protect himself against any physical or mental torture, use of narcotic drugs,inhuman behaviour and protection from punishment or fine.

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Question 73 Marks

Mention the important provisions of 'Maa Annapurna Yojna'.

Answer

According to the National Food Security Act $(NFSA)$ the needy, middle class poor families of urban and rural areas are provided food grain at subsidized rate. Gujarat government has adopted this Act and renamed it as 'Maa Annapurna Yojna' at Gujarat level.
As per this law. beneficiaries can buy wheat at RS $2.00$ per kg, rice at RS $3.00$ per kg and coarse grain and renamed it as at RS $1.00$ per kg in fixed quantity and at fixed time. Good quality grain is provided under Public Distribution System $(PDS)$ on fixed conditions.
The Antyodaya families are given $35\ kg$ of grains per month free of cost.
Every month sugar, iodized salt, kerosene and edible oil (twice a year) are provided at subsidized rates by Gujarat government to Antyodaya and $BPL$ families through ration shops.
State governments would update list of these families and will publicly displayed in Gram Panchayat, Gram Sabha, Ward Sabha, e-gram or fair price shops or office of Executive Magistrate and on the website of supply department.
Steps like biometric identity, epic card, bar code, ration card or food coupons and taking image with web camera have been started to improve and strengthen public distribution system in order to make distribution system corruption free.
The government has also set-up 'Internal complaint preventive mechanism to resolve the complaints.preventive mechanism to resolve the complaints.
A Nodal Officer is to be appointed for regulation and control of grain distribution system and for resolving complaints.
Rajya Ann Ayog' is to be set-up in State and a Food Commissioner has to be appointed to assist in resolving the complaints.
Thus, under this Act, approximately $3.62$ crore needy citizens of Gujarat are provided grain at concessional rates.

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Question 83 Marks

State the steps taken by India for providing security and safety to elderly and helpless people.

Answer

Steps taken for safety and security of elderly people:

In $1999,$ the government framed the 'National Policy for the senior citizens'. According to this policy elderly people are given pension.
Under various schemes, the senior citizens are given more interest on the amount deposited by them in post office or bank.
They are also given $30\%$ to $50\%$ discount/concession in bus, railway and air fares.
State government has opened 'Old Age Home' with all the basic facilities in every district. These homes conduct several activities like yoga, games, activities to relax mind, playing music, etc. There are several gardens developed for them in cities.
Government has implemented parents and senior citizens care and welfare related law in $2007$ to protect them from domestic violence, exploitation or abuse.
Under this law, provision has been made to punish those children who harass their elderly parents.
The responsibility of taking care of elderly people is of their family and their relatives.
Elderly people have the right to get maintenance from their children. So, Central Government has programme to honour senior citizen in return for their contributions to the nation and society.

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Question 93 Marks

State the efforts made by the government to abolish child labour.

Answer

To abolish child labour the government ha made many provision in the constitution.these are as follows

$(a)$ No child below $14$ years will be employed in a factory or occupation or job. If anybody breaks the law, legal action may be taken against the employer.
$(b)$ A child cannot be exploited in any way during his childhood or teenage. He cannot be devoid of moral security and physical comforts.
$(c)$ It was clarified that within $10$ years of implementing the constitution, the government will have to arrange free education for children up to $14$ years of age. In this regard, the central and state governments have implemented a law in $2009$ so that children belonging to age group of $6$ to $14$ years should get free compulsory education.

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Question 103 Marks

Which Acts have been passed for the protection of the disabled and handicapped$?$

Answer

The Government of India has passed three Acts for safeguarding the interest and protecting the rights of the handicapped:

The Disabled Rehabilitation Bill $1992,$ Act for Equal Opportunities, Rights and Welfare of the Disabled.
Act for establishing National Commission for the Welfare of physically and mentally handicapped people.

The measures taken accordingly are:
Provision for $3\%$ reservation in the government jobs and intends to provide $5\%$ or more reservation in both the public and private sector for the disabled.
Free education for the disabled till the age of $18$ years.
To provide land at a subsidized rate for constructing houses, factories, business or institutions for the disabled.
To make provisions for special employment centres, special insurance policies and unemployment allowance for the welfare of the disabled.
To appoint a Chief Commissioner for the welfare of the disabled and to protect their interests and rights.

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Question 113 Marks

Which are the Juvenile rights granted by the Constitution?

Answer

The Juvenile rights granted by the Constitution are:

It is the birthright of every child to a life without any discrimination of sex, colour, gender, language or nationality.
A child has the right to proper upbringing by the parents and they should not be made a victim of parental discord.
Children have a right to education, sports and games to develop their personality.
Every child has a right to a healthy life.
Every child has a right to conserve culture and follow the religion of their choice.
Children can have their own associations.
Children have the right to protect themselves against any physical or mental torture.
They have the right to get social security and proper standard of living for their all round development.

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Question 123 Marks

What are fundamental rights and how do they help the people?

Answer

The Indian Constitution has given very significant and realistic fundamental rights to the citizens of the country as under: (FEC)

Right to Freedom
Right to Religious Freedom
Right to Equality without any discrimination of caste, colour, creed or sex.
Right to protection against exploitation
Cultural and Educational rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies.
All citizens are granted these rights and the Supreme Court protects their rights.
They can approach the High Court or Supreme Court for violation of these rights.

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Question 133 Marks

What role can the school play in the social development?

Answer

The school can play a definite role in social development:

The school educates the children and looks after the future needs and expectations of the society.
The students are taught dignity of labour and that no work is menial.
The students are guided towards self-employment, vocational and technical courses.
They are given leadership and motivational training so that they are able to bring about positive changes and effective programmes for the development of the society.
The schools also create scientific temper in the students so that narrow mindedness and false beliefs are removed.

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Question 143 Marks

What is the problem of the elderly people?

Answer

The problems of the elderly are as follows: With advancing age the physical and mental strength of the people decreases.

This may lead to them being shunned by their family members.
With the increase in nuclear families now elderly people are regarded as a burden and people do not appreciate keeping them.
Many families find it convenient to send them to old age homes so that they can escape the day to day duty of looking after of the aged.
Old age is equal to dote age and the old need warmth, love and affection instead of neglect and abuse.
Elderly people living alone also have problems of security and trust.
Many of them are even murdered for their gold and money.
Since there is lack of social security and pension for the aged, most of them are not financially stable and have to be totally dependent on their families.

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Social Science 3 Marks Each

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