BIOLOGY M.C.Q (1 Marks)

a
The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the kingdom fungi into various classes.

d

b

c
Cynobacteria have heterocyst that fixes atmospheric nitrogen to ammenia.

b

a

c

d

a

d

c

b

b
An organism that does not possess a true nucleus (nucleus with nuclear membrane) and double membrane-bounded organelles are called as prokaryotes.

Phylum Monera is the prokaryotes i.e., bacteria (Mycobacterium), cyanobacteria (Nostoc and Oscillatoria).

Whereas, Saccharomyces belong to phylum Fungi which possess a true nucleus and double membrane-bounded organelles i.e., eukaryotic.

b
(b) : Mycoplasmas are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall. They are pathogenic to both plants and animals and can survive without oxygen.

d
(d) : Halophiles, a type of archaebacteria, usually occur in extreme saline conditions like salt pans, salt beds and salt marshes.

a
(a) : Eubacteria are also called true bacteria.

c
(c) : Fungal cell wall contains chitin or fungal cellulose along with other olysaccharides, proteins, lipids and a number of other substances.

d
(d) : Protista is a kingdom of unicellular eukaryotic organisms. It includes hotosynthetic protists (dinoflagellates, chrysophytes and euglenoids), consumer­decomposer protists (slime moulds) and protozoan protists.

a
(a) : Methanogens belong to archaebacteria. They include methane producing genera such as Methanobacillus and Methanothrix. Methanogens are obligate anaerobes found in oxygendeficient environments, such as marshes, swamps, sludge (formed during sewage treatment), and the digestive systems of ruminants. Mostly they obtain their energy by reducing carbon dioxide and oxidising hydrogen, with the production of methane.

b
(b) : Methanogens belong to archaebacteria. They include methane producing genera such as Methanobacillus and Methanothrix. Methanogens are obligate anaerobes found in oxygen­deficient environments, such as marshes, swamps, sludge (formed during sewage treatment), and the digestive systems of ruminants. Mostly they obtain their energy by reducing carbon dioxide and oxidising hydrogen, with the production of methane.

b
(b) : Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms, characterised by absence of nuclear envelope around nucleus and absence of membrane­-bound cell organelles.

d
(d) : Alternaria is a Deuteromycetes member which are also known as fungi imperfecti. Their perfect stages (sexually reproducing stages) are either absent or not known.

a
(a) : The archaebacteria are the ‘ancient’ bacteria that include extremophiles like methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles. They represent some of the most ancient of life forms that persist today.They have both eubacterial and eukaryotic characters besides the features unique to them. Their mode of reproduction, nutrition and cell shape and size resembles a typical eubacteria. Their cell walls are made of a variety of polymers, but do not contain peptidoglycan unlike eubacteria. Lipids of their cytoplasmic membranes are ether linked unlike eubacteria which contain glycerol ester lipids in their cell membrane.

b
(b) : R.H. Whittaker considered complexity of cell structure and structural (body) organisation, mode of nutrition, ecological life style and phylogenetic relationships for the five kingdom system of classification.

b
(b) : Fungi are achlorophyllous, heterotrophic, spore forming, non­vascular, eukaryotic organisms which often contain chitin or fungal cellulose in their walls. Hence, their cell wall is rigid.

c
(c) : Archaebacteria belong to a group of prokaryotic organisms called Monera. These include the methanogens, which produce methane? the thermoacidophilic bacteria, which live in extremely hot and acidic environments (such as hot springs)? and the halophilic bacteria, which can only function at high salt concentrations and are abundant in the world’s oceans.

d
Cuscuta (Amarbael) is parasitic plant

Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are insectivorous plants

Mode of nutrition in plants is autotrophic.

d
Kingdom animalia includes all heterotrophic, multicellular complex eukaryotes.Kingdom monera includes prokaryotic organisms lacking membrane bound nucleus.Protista organism cell type is eukaryotic.

d
Albugo is the parasitic fungi which is found on mustard. It is the member of phycomycetes that are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places.

c
Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found on a wide variety of organic substrates, including "mature fruits and vegetables", jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts and tobacco. Rhizopus stolonifer is more commonly known as black bread mold. Gonyaulax is one of the dinoflagellates responsible for the advent of red tides. Yeast is a unicellular fungus, used to make bread and beer. Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic.

d
Puccinia, Ustilago, Agaricus and Saccharomyces are commonly called as rust fungi, smut fungi, mushroom and yeast respectively.

a

a
Archaebacteria, euglenoids, phycomycetes and algae are classes of monera, protista, fungi and plantae respectively.

d
Ascus is a sac, typically cylindrical in shape, in which the spores of ascomycetes fungi develop.eg Penicillinium,Aspergillus

Basidium is a microscopic club-shaped spore-bearing structure produced by club fungi.egAgaricus( Mushroom)

Euglena, Spirulina and sponges are the examples of protista, cyanobacteria and animalia respectively.

a
Euglenoids include flagellates like Euglana which have plant like characteristics (chlorophyll) in addition to some animal characteristics. Paramoecium is a ciliated protozoan, aquatic and actively moving organisms because of the presence of thousands of cilia. Agaricus (mushroom) belongs to class basidiomycetes of kingdom Fungi.

b
 Bacteria and Yeast are unicellular organism that show anaerobic respiration /fermentation and reproduce by forming spores. But, yeast is not prokaryotic;Bacteria are prokaryotes .Yeast belongs to the kingdom Fungi, they are multicellular eukaryotes.

c
Saccharomyces cervisiae is a yeast used in making bread (Baker's yeast) and commercial production of ethanol.

Paramecium and Plasmodium are both Protozoan Protists while Penicillium is a fungi.

Lichen is composite organism formed from the symbiotic association of an alga and a fungus.

Nostoc and Anabaena are nitrogen fixing cyanobateria (kingdom monera).

d

d

c
Autotrophic bacteria synthesize their cell constituents using carbon dioxide as the carbon

source.

From the list, autotrophic bacteria include a total of six as Chara, Nostoc, Porphyra, Wolfia, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter. Of these Chara, Nostoc, Porphyra, Wolfia is photoautotrophs while Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophs. The other four (Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces, Trypanosoma) are heterotrophs meaning they utilize organic compounds as a source of food.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.