Geography Question In Brief. (3 Marks)

• Settlements are studied in terms of their location, position, shape, form of houses, interior design, exterior engagement etc.
• Subdivisions of rural settlements are provided based on the settlement development system.
• Settlement of linear system is a subtype of rural settlement.
• Linearity is considered to be a very important part of the colony.
• The settlements here are arranged parallel to the banks of roads, railways, rivers or canals.
• A linear system has also developed along the coast.
• There are many examples of linear settlements in the Greater Himalayas and on the banks of the Ganges.
• This system is also called lead or ribbon system.
• The colony diagram of the linear system is as follows:

• Rapid urbanization has caused some of the following problems:
• Illegal slums and dirty settlements have come into existence.
• Dirty settlements have become a nuisance for urban life.
• Pollution, traffic, health, pollution, water scarcity, anti-social activities, etc. have raised many questions.
• Some populations live on low-rise homes or sidewalks.
• Problems have arisen due to dirty living, transportation, lack of public facilities etc.
• Illegal settlements lack water, sanitation, electricity, roads, sewerage, schools, markets, health centers, etc.
• The slums do not have light, clean air, latrines, sewage disposal and bathroom facilities.

• In different countries, some rules have been laid down to call any settlement a city.
• The city is called a colony with a total population of only 200 in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.
• A city with a population of 1000 in Canada and a total population of 2500 in the USA is considered a city.
• A settlement with a population of 30,000 is called a city in Japan.
• Criteria for urban settlement in India:
• The total population is over 5000.
• The population density should be more than 400 per square foot.
• More than 75% of the 'working' people are men engaged in non-agricultural economic activity.

• A large group of dwellings is a settlement.
• The number of residences here is not fixed.
• It may be made up of one or more scattered huts or houses or a large number of large cropped houses.
• There are two types of settlements:

1. Collective or central settlement and 2. Scattered or scattered settlement.
1. Collective or central settlement:

• When more than one family and a large number of human beings come together to build their habitat as close as possible and the habitat becomes permanent, it is called a collective settlement.
• There are two main divisions of collective settlement: (i) rural settlement and (ii) urban settlement.

(i) Rural Settlement:

• Here people do basic activities like farming, animal husbandry, fishing, collecting wild products etc.

(ii) Urban Settlement:

• The people living here earn their livelihood by doing secondary, tertiary, quartet and fifth type of economic activities.
• The population density and density are also higher than in rural areas.

2. Scattered Settlements:

• Such settlements are usually found in mountainous regions, deserts and highlands.
• This is a settlement with very few houses.
• People are very backward in doing economic activity due to natural calamities here.