Geography Question in Short. (2 Marks)

self practice

• The process of urbanization currently taking place in developing countries has resulted in the depletion of rural labor force.
• It is the responsibility of the administration to provide housing, transportation, health and public facilities in urban settlements, but it cannot be fully met.
• Cities have many problems like pollution, traffic, drinking water facilities, housing, dirt, mental stress etc.
• In most cities in developing countries some of the population lives in low-level huts or on the streets.
• Illegal settlements and slums degrade the ecosystem.
• Thus, many problems have arisen due to urbanization.

• People living in illegal settlements do not receive minimum services and facilities.
• It lacks water supply, sanitation, electricity, roads, sewerage, schools, and health centers.
• The physical as well as social conditions in such settlements are also bad.
• The houses here do not have light, clean air, toilet and bathroom facilities.
• The surroundings are humid.
• Lacks family solitude.
• Extreme density lacks open space for recreation.
• There are piles of rubbish, pits of dirty water and dirt and stench.
• So the lives of people living in illegal settlements are worse.

• The problems of urban settlements in developing countries are as follows:

(1) Problems like pollution, traffic, health; drinking water issues etc. are more prevalent in cities.
(2) Uncontrolled urbanization has resulted in illegal huts and slums.

• Life here is becoming painful.
• People are living like hell.

(3) Water supply, sanitation, electricity, roads, sewers, schools in illegal settlements. Selfish centers are lacking.

• Illegal settlements are usually a part of the urban area, where extremely poor people live.
• Such poor people live in self-made huts on private or public vacant land.
• The annual income of the people living here is very low.
• People do not get minimum services or facilities due to illegality.
• As such, water, sanitation, electricity, roads, sewerage, schools, markets or health centers are not available.
• Such huts do not have light, clean air, toilet and bathroom, sewage disposal etc. facilities.

• The characteristics of scattered human settlements are as follows:
• Scattered settlements are found in mountainous regions, deserts and highlands.
• The people living here are connected to each other by a single cultural feature.
• Here human beings have more natural difficulties.
• Here human beings face many obstacles in carrying out economic activities.

• Classification of cities on the basis of functionality: Administrative Center, Defense Center, Cultural Center, Industrial Center, Trade and Transport Center etc.

• The characteristics of rural settlements are as follows:
• The people living here do primary activities like farming, mining, vanilla, animal husbandry, and fishing.
• Agriculture is the main feature of rural settlements.
• People in rural settlements close to forest areas are more involved in wildlife collection, hunting and mining.
• People from rural settlements near the sea and river do more fishing activity.

• A set of residences is called a settlement. There are two types of human settlements:

(1) Collective or central settlement and
(2) Scattered or scattered settlement.

• There are also two types of collective or central settlements:

(1) Rural settlement and (2) Urban settlement.