Question 11 Mark
Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
Answer
View full question & answer→Darwin's finches of the Galapagos islands had common ancestors but now have different types of modified beaks according to their food habits.
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Question 21 Mark
Attempt giving a clear definition of the term species.
Answer
View full question & answer→Species can be defined as a group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile off springs.
Question 31 Mark
Why are analogous structures a result of convergent evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Analogous structures are not anatomically similar/do not have common ancestors and evolving for similar function in the same habitat.
Question 41 Mark
State two postulates of Oparin and Haldane with reference to origin of life.
Answer
View full question & answer→- First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules/RNA & Protein.
- Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution/formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
Question 51 Mark
Write the probable differences in eating habits of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis did not eat meat/vegetarian.
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
Homo erectus ate meat (meat eater).
Question 61 Mark
How many chromosomes do drones of honeybee possess? Name the type of cell division involved in the production of sperms by them.
Answer
View full question & answer→16, Mitosis.
Question 71 Mark
State Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle.
Answer
View full question & answer→Two closely related species competing for same resources, cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated).
Question 81 Mark
Comment on the similarity between the wing of a cockroach and the wing of a bird. What do you infer from the above, with reference to evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Similar in function/analogous organs, convergent evolution.
Question 91 Mark
Name the common ancestor of the great apes and man.
Answer
View full question & answer→Dryopithecus/Ramapithecus.
Question 101 Mark
According to Hardy – Weinberg’s principle the allele frequency of a population remains constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
Answer
View full question & answer→It indicates gene migration/gene flow/genetic drift/mutation/genetic recombination/natural selection leading to evolution.
Question 111 Mark
Name any two vertebrate body parts that are homologous to human forelimbs.
Answer
View full question & answer→Forelimbs of horse/cow/dpg/cat.
Wings of bird/bat.
Flippers of dolphins/whale/seal.
Question 121 Mark
What is "fitness of an individual" according to Darwin?
Answer
View full question & answer→Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.
Question 131 Mark
What role does an individual organism play as per Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
Answer
View full question & answer→Individual with reproductive fitness passes on the useful gene to the next generation.
Question 141 Mark
According to de-Vries what is saltation?
Answer
View full question & answer→Single step (large) mutation.
Question 151 Mark
State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of lichens (on tree barks) during industrialisation period in England.
Answer
View full question & answer→Natural selection/survival of fittest/escaped predators due to camouflage.
Question 161 Mark
Write the similarity between the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Similar infunction(fly)/different in structure and origin/analogous organs, convergent evolution.
Question 171 Mark
Mention two functions of the codon AUG.
Answer
View full question & answer→Initiator Codon, codes for Methionine.
Question 181 Mark
Name the scientist who disproved spontaneous generation theory.
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur.
Question 191 Mark
Mention the type of evolution that has brought the similarity as seen in potato tuber and sweet potato.
Answer
View full question & answer→Convergent evolution.
Question 201 Mark
What causes speciation according to Hugo de Vries?
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation (s)/large (heritable) differences arising suddenly in a population/Saltation (single step large mutation).
Question 211 Mark
Write the names of the following:
- A 15 mya primate that was ape-like.
- A 2 mya primate that lived in East African grasslands.
Answer
View full question & answer→- About 15 million, primates called Dryopithecus was more ape-like.
- About 2 million, Australopithecines lived in East African grasslands.
Question 221 Mark
State the two principal outcomes of the experiments conducted by Louis Pasteur on origin of life.
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur by careful experimentation demonstrated that:
- Life comes only from pre-existing life.
- In pre-sterilized flasks, life did not come from killed yeast while in another flask open to the air, new organisms arose from killed yeast.
Question 231 Mark
What are the key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→Two key concepts of Darwinism are:
- Branching descent.
- Natural selection.
Question 241 Mark
Answer
View full question & answer→- Australopithecines evolved in East African Grasslands.
- Homo erectus.
Question 251 Mark
Hugo de Vries gave the mutation theory. Name the plant he worked on.
Answer
View full question & answer→Primrose plant (Oenothera lamarckiana).
Question 261 Mark
What is adaptive radiation?
Answer
View full question & answer→Development of different functional structures from a common ancestral form is called adaptive radiation.
Question 271 Mark
Mention what caused evolution according to de Vries.
Answer
View full question & answer→According to de-Vries, single step large mutation (saltation) caused evolution.
Question 281 Mark
What do you mean by parallel evolution?
Answer
View full question & answer→When two species which are closely related show convergent evolution, it is called parallel evolution.
Question 291 Mark
What is evolution according to Hardy-Weinberg?
Answer
View full question & answer→According to Hardy-Weinberg, the disturbance in genetic equilibrium is the result of evolution.
Question 301 Mark
Among Ramapithecus, Australopithecines and Homo habilis - who probably did not eat meat?
Answer
View full question & answer→Homo habilis.
Question 311 Mark
Name the first organism that invaded land.
Answer
View full question & answer→Plants.
Question 321 Mark
The first cellular life form originated when and where?
Answer
View full question & answer→2000 million years ago, in aquatic environment.
Question 331 Mark
Name the scientist who also came to similar conclusion as Darwin.
Answer
View full question & answer→Alfred Wallace.
Question 341 Mark
What do you mean by panspermia?
Answer
View full question & answer→Panspermia refers to spores.
Question 351 Mark
When did first cellular form of life appear?
Answer
View full question & answer→2000 million years ago.
Question 361 Mark
How do we compute the age of a fossil?
Answer
View full question & answer→By radiocarbon dating.
Question 371 Mark
How do we compute the age of a rock?
Answer
View full question & answer→Age of rock is computed by radioacarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, uranium-lead dating and rubidium-strontium dating method.
Question 381 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Bobcat, Wolf, Anteater, Spotted cuscus.
Bobcat, Wolf, Anteater, Spotted cuscus.
Answer
View full question & answer→Spotted cuscus.
Question 391 Mark
Name the placental mammals corresponding to the Australian 'spotted cuscus' and Tasmanian 'tiger cat', which have evolved as a result of convergent evolution.
Answer
View full question & answer→Lemur and Bobcat.
Question 401 Mark
Name the two forms of extinct reptiles that evolved from synapsids.
Answer
View full question & answer→Pelycosaurs and Therapsids.
Question 411 Mark
What technical term is given to the fish-like reptiles?
Answer
View full question & answer→Ichthyosaurs.
Question 421 Mark
Pick out the ancestral line of Angiosperms from the list: Conifers, Seed ferns, Cycads, Ferns.
Answer
View full question & answer→Seed ferns.
Question 431 Mark
Among the five factors that are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, three factors are gene flow, genetic drift and genetic recombination. What are the other two factors?
Answer
View full question & answer→Mutation and Natural Selection are the other two factors.
Question 441 Mark
Mark the odd one in give each of the following groups.
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Branching descent, Natural selection.
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Branching descent, Natural selection.
Answer
View full question & answer→Lamarckism.
Question 451 Mark
The theory of spontaneous generation was dismissed by whom and why?
Answer
View full question & answer→Louis Pasteur rejected the theory of spontaneous generation and stated that life originates from pre-existing life.
Question 461 Mark
According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, the allele frequency of a population remains constant. How do you interpret the change of frequency of alleles in a population?
Answer
View full question & answer→The change in frequency of alleles indicates evolutionary change.
Question 471 Mark
In which form/ forms did Urey-Miller supply energy in their experiment?
Answer
View full question & answer→The energy was in the form of electric discharges from electrodes.
Question 481 Mark
How does a population become 'founders' of a new species?
Answer
View full question & answer→When the change in allele frequency is so different that the new sample of population becomes a different species, the original drifted population becomes founders to cause founder effect.
Question 491 Mark
Complete the statement given below by filling the blank. is considered as a connecting link between the reptiles and birds.
Answer
View full question & answer→Complete the statement given below by filling the blank. Archaeopteryx is considered as a connecting link between the reptiles and birds.
Question 501 Mark
Name the ancestor of Homo habilis.
Answer
View full question & answer→Australopithecus.