Distinguish between the following:
Hibernation and Aestivation
Hibernation and Aestivation
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Organisms and Populations question types
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2 Marks Questions
103 Q→023 Marks Question
83 Q→03Case study (4 Marks)
10 Q→041 Marks Question
177 Q→05M.C.Q (1 Marks)
222 Q→06Assertion (A) & Reason (B) MCQ
20 Q→075 Marks Questions
48 Q→Sample Questions
Organisms and Populations questions
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Distinguish between the following:
Ectotherms and Endotherms
Ectotherms and Endotherms
What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory.
Define population and community.
Write a short note on
Adaptations of desert plants and animals
Adaptations of desert plants and animals
Write a short note on
Behavioural adaptations in animals
Behavioural adaptations in animals
Write a short note on
Effects of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals
Effects of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals
How is diapause different from hibernation?
Write a short note on
Adaptations of plants to water scarcity:
Adaptations of plants to water scarcity:
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Regular change in temperature that occurs at specific intervals of time is called thennoperiodicity. It is of two types-diurnal and seasonal thermoperiodicity. Diumal periodicity refers to temperatures of day and night. It determines periods ofannual activity. In season periodicity different temperature prevails in different seasons of the year. 'Tiley favour different aspects of plant and animal life termed as phenology. For example in wheat, leaf growth requires a temperature of 10º-25ºC. Apple requires temperature below 7ºC for a period of 800 hrs before flowering and fruiting can occur. Low temperature is required for germination of some seeds as well as flowering in some plants. It also determines growth, reproduction, colour and morphology of animals. Both low and high temperature cause stress in organisms which is overcome by particular adaptations.
- Some plants require low temperature treatment for flowering. This phenomenon is known as:
- Photoperiodism.
- Vemalisation.
- Thermoperiodism.
- None of these.
- Animals found in arctic zones are called.
- microtherms
- Megatherms
- Mesotherms
- Hekistotherms
- Which of the following parts of wheat plant grows maximum in temperature around 10º-25ºC?
- Root
- Seeds
- Leaf
- Stem
- "Different temperatures prevail in different seasons of the year." It represents:
- Diurnal thermoperiodicity.
- Seasonal periodicity.
- Homeostasis.
- Thermoregulation.
- Assertion: Low and high temperature causes stress in organisms.
Reasons: Organisms show specific adaptations to overcome stressful condition.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Ananya is a biologist, her research guide assigned project, i.e., to determine the effect ofin tra-specific competition on the growth of sapling of Eucalyptus. For this, she designed an experiment in which two sets of pots were used. ln the first set (set A) only I sapling was planted per pot and in the other set (set B) 16 saplings were planted per pot. To check for the effect of intra-specific competition on allocation of resources, a decreasing amount of water was added to each set. The results have been graphically indicated. Which of the following conclusions can indicated as follows: 
- Which of the following statements can be concluded from the given study?
- More resources are allocated to the root during low water conditions.
- Competition for water among individuals of a population causes more root growth as compared to individuals who are growing alone.
- Lesser leaves are formed under low water conditions.
- Root growth is higher in individual grown singly as compared to individuals in populations.
- Which of the following associations is an example of competitions?
- Cuscuta and hedge plant.
- Balanus and Cathamalus.
- Cactus and moth.
- Orchid and mango.
- If '+' sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, '-' sign to detrimental and O sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction of competition refers to:
- +, +
- -, -
- +, -
- +, 0
- lntraspecific competition is more severe due to:
- similar needs.
- similar adaptations.
- common resources.
- all of these.
- Assertion: Two members of a competing species may co-exist.
Reason: Different individuals of a species have different resource requirements.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Organism P has thick lips and tongue so that it can easily feed on the commonly available spiny plants. Organism Q has thick layer of insulating fat under the skin. It was strong hooves to walk steadily on steep surfaces and lives in burrows during winters. Organism R has bright colours and sticky pads on its fingers and toes. It lives on trees.
- Which of the following is correct habitat for organisms P regarding its adaptation?
- Grassland biome.
- Desert biome.
- Tropical rainforest.
- Tropical deciduous forest.
- Which of the following is correct match regarding organism Q and its habitat?
- Tundra - Polar bear.
- Tropical rain forest - Deer.
- Grassland - Bighorn sheep.
- Desert - Camel.
- Which of the following is incorrect regarding organisms R's habitat?
- The vegetation shows stratification.
- Epiphytic growth is rich.
- Standing crop is highest.
- Deep rooted shrubs are common due to abundant sunlight.
- The dominant plants in habitat where P lives could be:
- Opuntia
- Nymphaea
- Deodar
- both (a) and (c).
- Organisms P, Q and R respectively most likely occur in:
- F, B and A.
- C, A, E.
- A, F and C.
- B, D and A.
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Age sex structure of a population can be depicted in the form of a pyramid by plotting the percentage of population of each sex in each age class. Two age sex pyramids are as follows. 
- Which of the following is correct regarding pyramid B?
- It represents stable population.
- It represents expanding population.
- It represents declining population.
- Both (a) and (b).
- Total number of individuals of a species per unit area per unit time is called.
- Population size.
- Population density.
- Demography.
- Population dynamics.
- Which of the following is correct regarding age sex pyramid A and B?
- A represents the age sex pyramid of developed country.
- B represents the age sex pyramid of developing country.
- A represents rapidly growing population.
- Both (a) and (b).
- A population with a large proportion of older individuals than younger ones will likely to:
- Grow larger first and then decline.
- Continue to grow indefinitely.
- Decline.
- None of these.
- Assertion: Bell shaped age pyramid represents a stable population.
Reason: ln a stable population, proportion of individuals in reproductive age group is higher than the individuals in pre reproductive age group.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: During teaching about various environmental factors, a teacher draw a figure that depicts like history strategies for three plant species (X, Y and Z) along 3 axes - strength of competition with other organisms, level of disturbance in the habitat and level of environmental stress in the habitat. Species X grows in habitats where competition among species is high but disturbance and stress are low. Species Y grows in habitats with high environmental stress but with low intraspecies competition. Species Z grows in highly disturbed habitats with low environmental stress. 
- Which of the following is correct regarding plant type X?
- It has slow growth rate.
- It lives in area with high probability of severe environmental changes.
- It has good competitive ability at low population densities near the carrying capacity.
- None of these.
- Environmental stress occurs through.
- Very low temperature.
- Drought.
- Nutrient deficiency.
- All of these.
- Select the correct option regarding plant type X, Y and Z.
- X type of plants are likely to be trees.
- Y type of plants could be desert plants.
- Z type of plants could be herbaceous plant.
- All of these.
- Y type of plants grow under high stress and:
- Produce large number of seeds in a short time after rains.
- Have rapid growth.
- Produce less number of seed in a long time after rain.
- Both (a) and (b).
- Assertion: Plant growth rate is high in area of high stress and high disturbance.
Reason: High stress and high disturbance promote breeding capacity in plants.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Select the statement which explains best parasitism.
- One organism is benefited.
- Both the organisms are benefited.
- One organism is benefited, other is not affected.
- One organism is benefited, other is affected.
Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Commensalism
Commensalism
Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Camouflage
Camouflage
Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Mutualism
Mutualism
Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Interspecific competition
Interspecific competition
A large regional unit characterized by a major vegetation type and associated fauna found in a specific climatic zone constitutes:
- AEcosystem
- BBiological community
- CBiome
- DHabitat
Eutrophication is often seen in:
- ADeserts.
- BFresh water lakes.
- COcean.
- DMountains.
A high density of elephant population in an area can result in:
- APredation on one another
- BMutualism
- CIntra specific competition
- DInter specific competition
Formation of tropical forests needs mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation as.
- A18 – 25°C and 150 – 400cm.
- B5 – 15°C and 50 – 100cm.
- C30 – 50°C and 100 – 150cm.
- D5 – 15°C and 100 – 200cm.
Which of the following pair is correctly matched?
- AUricotelism—aquatic habitat.
- BParasitism — intra-specific relationship.
- CExcessive perspiration — xeric adaptation.
- DStream lined body — aquatic adaptation.
For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Reason: Under such conditions only, the population size can increase at the maximum rate.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Reason: Under such conditions only, the population size can increase at the maximum rate.
For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Reason: This is an adaptation to cope with the conditions of high salt concentration and osmotic potential.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Reason: This is an adaptation to cope with the conditions of high salt concentration and osmotic potential.
For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Reason: A habitat can contain only one ecological niche.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Reason: A habitat can contain only one ecological niche.
For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Reason: Ectotherms are able to maintain a constant internal temperature, even when the temperature outside fluctuates.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Reason: Ectotherms are able to maintain a constant internal temperature, even when the temperature outside fluctuates.
For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Reason: Profundal zone is illuminated by light which supports growth of phytoplanktons.
- Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- Assertion is true but reason is false.
- Both assertion and reason are false.
Reason: Profundal zone is illuminated by light which supports growth of phytoplanktons.
With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.
If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the population?
List the attributes that populations but not individuals possess.
List the various abiotic environmental factors.
- Compare, giving reasons, the J-shaped and S-shaped models of population growth of a species.
- Explain "fitness of a species" as mentioned by Darwin.
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