Social Science [1 Marks Each] QUE - ANS

Landforms means various forms of the land. The land area which has different heights, has a special shape and has a sloppy terrain is called ‘Landform’.

The land mass surrounded by seawater on three sides and connected with land on one side is called ‘Peninsula’. e.g., South India and Saurashtra.

A narrow land strip separating two large water masses is known as ‘Isthmus’. e.g., Panama. It lies between North America and South America.

A narrow water strip connecting two large water mass is known as ‘Strait’. e.g.Palk Strait situated between India and Sri Lanka. This strait connects The Bay of Bengal in the east to the Arabian Sea in the west.

A ‘Valley’ is a low lying region situated within the mountain ranges. A valley is formed at the time of the formation of fold and block mountains and due to the erosional process by river and glacier. e.g., The Kashmir Valley in India.

A land mass surrounded by water from all sides is known as an ‘Island’. e.g., Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

A ‘Cape’ is the perpendicular end of the land extended into the waterbody of the ocean. e.g., Cape Comorin (Kanniyakumari) of India and Cape of Good Hope in Africa.

A large water mass which is surrounded by land mass on its three sides is called a ‘Gulf’. e.g., The Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kachchh.

‘Bay’ means a partial part of the water body of an ocean. It holds a large, open lake like shape around a land mass. The Bay of Bengal in India is the best example of it.

The river, glacier and wind transport alluvium from one place to another and it is deposited in the lower regions of a lake or a sea. The plain thus formed is called ‘Depositional Plain’. Such plain is also known as the ‘riverine plain’ or ‘alluvial plain’. e.g., the Ganga - Yamuna plain in India.

The plain which is formed due to the factors of erosional work of mountains, plateaus, rivers, wind, glaciers, etc. is called ‘Erosional Plan’. Such plain is not completely flat. e.g., The plain of Western Siberia.

When the continental shelf near the sea coast is uplifted due to tectonic movements of the Earth, the resultant landform is called ‘Structural Plain’ or ‘Coastal Plain’. e.g., The plain formed near the Gulf of Mexico.

Tectonic factors like Earthquake, volcano, tsunami and external factors like river, wind, glacier, sea waves, etc. contribute to the formation of landforms.