Short note .[3 Marks Each]

Question 13 Marks

Write short note : Cattle Rearing and Farm Labour.

Answer

Small landlord farmers in rural area make livelihood by cattle rearing along with farming. Small landlord farmers raise much cattle such as cows and buffaloes. They sell the cattle milk to milk co-operatives of the village. They can live for upto four months of non-agricultural time on the income getting. from the sale of milk.
About $40 \%$ of the rural households in our country are labourers. They are landless. Therefore, they do work like sowing, weeding and harvesting as farm labourers on the farms of big farmers. Some farm labourers also work to extract cotton from cotton plants. Farm workers get work in the fields only during certain months of the year. The rest of the time they have to sit idle. For this reason, they have to face difficulties for earning their livelihood. Some farm labourers have to migrate in search of work.

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Question 23 Marks

Write short note : Retail Employment in City

Answer

$(1)$ Thousands of people in the city work as retail labourers. For example, The labourers sit with their tools at ‘Kadianaka’. Contractors come here and hire them.
$(2)$ Many people in the city work as retail labourers in the factories and get their employment.
$(3)$ Many people in the city are employed in the labour work of making various kinds of food items. For example, making chocolates, ice-cream, sweets, snacks, etc.
$(4)$ Many people in the city get self-employment with their own occupation. For example, to drive rickshaw and motorcar on rent, to do tailoring work, to polish shoes, to repair punctures and repair the cycle, etc.

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Question 33 Marks

Write short note : Urban (City) Livelihood

Answer

$(1)$ In the city, a large number of people make a livelihood by working on the roadside as well as by working as hawkers.
$(2)$ There are many shops in the market of a city The shopkeeper, salesman and other employees work there and run their lives.
$(3)$ Thousands of people in the city work as retail labourers.
$(4)$ Many people work in factories in the city and run their lives.
$(5)$ Many educated people in the city teach in schools and colleges.
$(6)$ Many people do various types of occupations in small or big offices and earn their livelihood.

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Question 43 Marks

Write short note : Village (Rural) Livelihood

Answer

$(1)$ A large number of villagers make livelihood by farming, doing farm labour and cattle rearing.
$(2)$ Many people run their lives by doing occupations like tailoring work, carpentry work, blacksmith work, goldsmith work, clay and brick making work, repairing work, fishing, etc.
$(3)$ In the village ome people have shops for sale of grocery, vegetables, cloths, tea and snacks, for sale of seeds and fertilizer, etc.
$(4)$ When some farm labourers do not get labour in the village, they make livelihood by extracting sand from the river and stones from mines.
$(5)$ Some of the villagers go to the city and work as construction labourers or as truck drivers.
$(6)$ Some villagers regularly earn their livelihood by. selling milk, vegetables or other things from the villages to the cities.

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Social Science Short note .[3 Marks Each]

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