Science 3 Marks Question

(i) The following precautionary measures while checking the fever through a clinical thermometer are
(a) While reading the clinical thermometer, it should never be held by the bulb.
(b) The clinical thermometer should be washed properly (before and after use).
(ii) The values showed by the elder brother of Pankaj, Vishwas are concern towards the way of using the clinical thermometer and the importance of money as well.

The differences between heat and temperature are given below

Heat	Temperature
It is a form of energy which flows from one body to another when there is a difference in temperature between the objects.	It is the thermal condition of a body that indicates whether heat is present or not and in which direction, heat will flow from one body to the other.
It is equal to the sum of internal energies of the molecules of a body.	It is proportional to average kinetic energy of the molecules of the body.
As a heat exchange between two bodies, total amount of heat of two bodies remains unchanged.	As a conclusion of exchange of heat between two bodies, sum of their temperatures before and after exchange is not same.
SI unit of heat is joule (J).	SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K).

Difference between convection and conduction

Convection	Conduction
The mode of transfer of heat from the hotter part of a fluid to its colder parts by the movement of liquid itself. So, this phenomenon is known as convection.	The mode of transfer of heat from the hotter part of a material to its colder part or from a hot material to a cold material in contact with it without the movement of material as a whole. So, this phenomenon is known as conduction.
In all the liquids and gases, heat is transferred by the process of convection	In all the solids, heat is transferred by the process of conduction.

1. Sea Breeze (Daytime Breeze)
Cause : During the day, land heats up faster than water.
Effect on Air : The air above the land becomes hotter and lighter (low pressure), while the air above the sea remains cooler and denser (high pressure).
Air Movement : The cooler air from the sea moves towards the land, replacing the rising warm air over the land.
Result : This movement of air from sea to land is called a sea breeze.
Timing : Occurs during the day.
2. Land Breeze (Nighttime Breeze)
Cause : At night, land cools faster than water.
Effect on Air : The air above the land becomes cooler and denser (high pressure), while the air above the sea remains warmer and lighter (low pressure).
Air Movement : The cooler air from the land moves towards the sea, replacing the rising warm air over the sea.
Result : This movement of air from land to sea is called a land breeze.
Timing : Occurs during the night.

A laboratory thermometer is not suitable for measuring human body temperature because :
1. Its range is -10°C to 110°C, which is much wider than the human body temperature (35°C-42°C).
2. It does not have a constriction in the stem, so mercury will fall back quickly and cannot show a steady reading.
3. Using it may cause injury due to its longer size and fragile structure.