Social Science Short note .[3 Marks Each]

Everyone is a consumer, because he buys goods or services from the market by giving money.

• For example, a buyer of soap, oil, biscuit, cereal or other necessities or receiver of a service like mobile phone recharge, insurance, train ticket booking, etc.
• is considered as a consumer only.
• India has the largest number of customers in the world, SO India is considered to be the largest market in the world. Consumers buy their necessities and luxuries from a variety of markets. Therefore, as a consumer, his main rights are to check the quality and price of the item, to choose the item, to get a full refund of the money, etc.
• The government has set standards for various items so that the consumer can get good quality items. Accordingly, items with a special brand (logo) are being sold in the market. electronics items, 'Hallmark' for gold-silver,
• 'Woolmark' for wool products, Agmark' and FSSAL for food items, etc.
• are marked. In addition, vegetarian food is marked green and non-vegetarian food is marked red.
• By checking these marks, the customer can buy reliable and good quality items.

There is a variation in shops andshopkeepers from Street Market to Mall.

• There is a big difference between the shopkeepers in the market.
• For example, small shopkeeper does retail business with less money; while the big shopkeeper trades by investing more money in Complex and Mall.
• The small shopkeeper makes very little profit in business while the big shopkeeper makes more profit in the trade. There is also a variation in buyer class.
• Many people in the society cannot afford to buy cheap goods; while many people can buy costly items found in malls. Thus, a person's
• financial situation decides of which market he can be a buyer or a seller.
• We see some older people around us selling small and big things.
• Older men and women, despite their age of rest, sell items around the road due to poverty or compulsion. We need to be helpful to the needy people by buying items from them.

Things are manufactured in factories, small scale industries, homes and farms, but we don't purchase the things directly from factories or farms.

• A trader who purchases large quantities of goods produced in farms, factories or homes is called a wholesaler.
• They sell it to the small me or shopkeepers. In this way buyer and seller both are merchants.
• The shopkeeper or trader from whom we buy things is called a retailer.
• The farmer uses chemical fertilizer for increasing the production of farm products. They purchase this fertilizer from nearby shops.
• The shopkeeper purchases this fertilizer from the factory.
• Small/large, different spare parts used in motor cars are manufactured in factories.
• Automobile companies buy the parts and assemble them to make motor cars. We buy those cars from showrooms. Thus, many things around us are produced, bought and sold.

• (Online shopping! Without going to the market, a customer can directly purchase through making digital payments by his computer, mobile phone or television.
• For online shopping many companies directly sell to the customers and give them more benefit by providing the things on lower rates than the market rates.
• Purchased goods reach the customer's home directly, so that online shopping is increasing day by day. It is very important for every customer to be careful in online shopping, otherwise there is a fear of cheating,

The weekly market is held only on a certain day of the week. It is also called 'Gujri Bazaar'.

• In some areas it is also called 'Haat'.
• If the weekly market is held on Saturday, it is called a Saturday market.
• In this market, merchants bring their items to sell during day time and by evening they go back with wrap-up of shop. They go somewhere else the next day and set up shops there.
• Weekly markets are held in many places mainly in cities - in all over the country. In this market. people can get many daily necessities from one place. In this market, the merchant does not have to pay for shop rent, electricity, house tax, employee's salary, etc.
• So they can sell the goods at a lower price than the market price. The weekly market provides employment to small traders and workers.

The shops of Maholla Bazaar are all around our house.

• In those shops, various items are arranged in such a way that they are visible to the customer.
• From these shops, customers can purchase their daily necessities any time during the day at the time of their need. For example: milk, curd, buttermilk, ghee. etc.
• from dairy: oil, spices, tea, sugar, jaggery, soap. lentils, rice and household items from the grocery store; pens, pencils, notebooks, books. etc. from the stationery store: Medicines are available at the medical shop.
• The shopkeeper of the street market also sells items on credit to his regular customers.