3 Marks Each

Question 13 Marks

Write a note on the progress made by India in the field of space technology.

Answer

Compared to other developing countries in the world, India has developed in the field of technology during the post independence years, and has kept pace with the developed countries. Despite scarce and limited resources, low literacy rate, the development of India's science and technology section is significant. Peaceful use of nuclear science and technology and the process of development thought it has been active. In the field of space and research.India has launched a special type of $GSLV$ (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) for launching satellites into space. Apart from this, the satellites launched by India and the Mars mission to reach Mars as well as complete self-reliance in launching satellites have all been the distinguished and significant achievements of India.

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Question 23 Marks

When was Junagadh merged with Indian Union ?

Answer

The Nawab of Junagadh signed a treaty to join Pakistan. Citizens of Junagadh living in Mumbai formed the Aarzi Hukumat to join the Indian Union. Almost all the states and people of Saurashtra opposed the Nawab's alliance with Pakistan. Finally, the Nawab of Junagadh migrated to Pakistan for his own safety, and India occupied Junagadh. After taking occupancy of Junagadh, a referendum was held in which the people of Junagadh overwhelmingly supported the alliance with the Union of India. Thus, Junagadh was also merged with the Union of India due to the efforts of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and the strong wishes of the citizens of Junagadh.

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Question 33 Marks

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's contribution to the unification of princely states and provinces

Answer

Before India became independent on $15th$ August,$1947$, there were $562$ small and large independent states in India. They also became independent along with India. In July $1947.$ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became the Home Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of the Interim Government. He was a of tremendous will power and vision. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and his secretary V. P. Menon made great efforts to merge all princely states into the Union of India. Convincing all states to join the Union of India was a daunting task.
After gaining independence, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel appealed to native kings to voluntarily give up their states and join the Indian Union in the interests of the people under their rule to lay the foundation for the creation of a united , strong and prosperous India.
With practical intelligence, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel started the process of merging almost all native states into India. On behalf of the Indian Government. he promised the kings/rulers of these states of taking care of their status and interests. Due to these efforts, all the states except Hyderabad. Junagadh and Kashmir signed the treaty of alliance with India and merged into the Union of India.
When the Nizam of Hyderabad decided to stay independent. his territory was merged with the Indian Union through police action and giving assurance to protect the Nizam's interests. Shri Kanhaiyalal Munshi played an important role in the merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union.
The Nawab of Junagadh signed a treaty to join Pakistan Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel immediately sent the Indian Army to besiege Junagadh from all sides. The Nawab of Junagadh migrated to Pakistan for his own safety. Citizens of Junagadh living in Mumbai formed the Aarzi Hukumat to join the Indian Union. Almost all the states and people of Saurashtra opposed the Nawab's alliance with After the Nawab fled to Pakistan, India took over Junagadh. After taking occupancy of Junagadh, a referendum was held in which the people of Junagadh overwhelmingly supported the alliance with the Union of India. Thus. Junagadh was also merged with the Union of India.
Maharaja Harisinh Dogra of Kashmir did not sign the treaty of alliance with India. Meanwhile, Pakistan invaded Kashmir to annex it. Harisinh sought military help from India and signed a pact with India to merge with it. The Indian army immediately went to Kashmir and defended it, but in the meantime, Pakistan had illegally occupied one-third part of Kashmir. Thus, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's and his secretary V. P. Menon's contribution to the merger of various princely states into the Union of India is very great. They showed great patience and diplomacy in merging all 562 small and large princely states into the Indian Union.

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Question 43 Marks

The Kashmir Issue

Answer

When India became independent, Maharaja Harisinh Dogra did not sign the treaty of alliance with India. Meanwhile,Pakistan invaded Kashmir to annex it. Hartsinh sought military help from India and signed a pact with India to merge with it. The Indian army immediately went to Kashmir and defended it. but in the meantime. Pakistan had illegally occupied one-third part of Kashmir. India lodged a complaint against Pakistan with the $UN$ Security Council which called for a ceasefire Pakistan still holds one third part of Kashmir.
This one-third part of Kashmir which is under Pakistani control is known as $POK$ (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir). Actually it is a part of India. It is an indisputable fact that Kashmir is legally a part of India.
Thus, the Kashmir issue is one of the burning problems of the relation between India and Pakistan.

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Question 53 Marks

Why was the Mahagujarat movement started? What was its result ?

Answer

States had been formed on the basis of language, but Mumbai was one of the exceptions Though Mumbai consisted of bilingual areas. i.e.., Marathi and Gujarat, it was not divided into two states. So there was a strong demand for the formation of states on the basis of Marathi and Gujarati languages, and leaders like Shri Indulal Yagnik (Induchacha). Bhailalbhai (Bhaikaka). Shri Brahmakumar Bhatt. etc. started the Mahagujarat movement. As a result. the Government declared the formation of two states - Gujarat and Maharashtra. Finally, on 1st May, 1960, Gujarat state came into existence It was inaugurated by Ravi Shankar Maharaj on 1st May 1960 at Sabarmati Ashram Ahmedabad Shri Mehndi Nawaz Jung was sworn in as the first Governor of Gujarat and Dr. Jivraj Mehta became the first Chief Minister.

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Question 63 Marks

Maharaja Harisinh Dogra of Kashmir signed the alliance treaty immediately.

Answer

Refer to the answer of sub-question$(1)$ of $9. 7.$ of Additional Questions – Answers.

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Question 73 Marks

Why did the Maharaja Harisinh Dogra of Kashmir sign the alliance treaty ?

Answer

Refer to the answer of sub-question$(1)$ of $9. 7.$ of Additional Questions – Answers.

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Question 83 Marks

What was the challenge India faced when India was partitioned$?$ How did the Indian Government solve the issue $?$

Answer

With the partition of India two nations India and Pakistan came into existence About $8$ million refugees came to India from Pakistan following the policy of expelling non-Muslims from Pakistan Accommodating these refugees and providing employment to them was a huge problem.The Government of India discharged this responsibility very tactfully. The people of the country and the government provided adequate facilities to these refugees. A large number of refugee camps were set up After the resettlement of these refugees. they all became united with others and began a new life.

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Question 93 Marks

How was the state of Junagadh merged with the Indian Union?

Answer

a.The Nawab of Junagadh signed a treaty to join Pakistan. Citizens of Junagadh living in Mumbai formed the Aarzi Hukumat' to join the Indian Union. Almost all the states and people of Saurashtra opposed the Nawab's alliance with Pakistan. Finally, the Nawab of Junagadh migrated to Pakistan for his own safety, and India occupied Junagadh. After taking occupancy of Junagadh, a referendum was held in which the people of Junagadh overwhelmingly supported the alliance with the Union of India. Thus ,Junagadh was also merged with the Union of India due to the efforts of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and the strong wishes of the citizens of Junagadh.

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Question 103 Marks

When was Junagadh merged with the Indian Union?

Answer

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Question 113 Marks

What were the challenges faced by independent India?

Answer

a.The challenges faced by independent India were as follows:
$(1)$ With the partition of India. two nations, India and Pakistan, came into existence. About. $8$ million refugees came to India from Pakistan following the policy of expelling non-Muslims from Pakistan. Accommodating these refugees and providing employment to them was a huge problem.
$(2)$ When India became independent, there were $562$ small and large independent states in India. Convincing these states to join the Union of India was also a daunting task.
$(3)$ It was also a challenge to build a constitution and a political system that could meet the expectations and aspirations of the people.
$(4)$ In $1947,$ the population of India was around $35$ crores. There were differences in language, dress, region and culture. Despite all these differences, it was necessary to develop national integration for the progress of the nation.
$(5)$ At the time of independence, a large section of the population lived in villages and was engaged in farming. The problems of agriculture and associated employment in rural areas were challenging.
$(6)$ Moreover, dirty cities, densely populated areas, poverty, lack of education and health care facilities, were also part of the challenges faced by independent India.

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Social Science 3 Marks Each

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