Social Science 1 Marks Each

The distant phenomena which affect the climate of India are jet stream, western disturbances. El-nino, L.T.C. Zone, etc.

The monsoon winds coming from the Bay of Bengal give rain to West Bengal. Meghalaya. Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh. Punjab, Haryana, etc.

In October (or the later half of Bhadarvo month) the weather during the day is very perplexing due to high temperature and more humidity. This condition is called 'October Heat'. In Gujarat, this situation is called 'Bhadarvi Taap'.

The south-west monsoon winds split Into two branches in India: (1) Monsoon winds coming from the Arabian Sea and (2) Monsoon winds coming from the Bay of Bengal.

The Indian Meteorological Department has divided the seasons of India into four categories: (1) Winter-December to February, (2) Summer -March to May. (3) Advancing Monsoon - June to September and (4) Retreating Monsoon season October and November.

Himalaya protects India from severe cold by obstructing the chilling cold winds coming from central Asia in winter. This way it is a natural wall protecting India on the northern boundary.

the South-West monsoon winds gather excessive moisture from the vast water masses of Indian Ocean. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

the rain received during the rainy season and the humid and cloudy weather is caused due to the South-West monsoon winds.

the Himalayan mountain ranges obstruct the chilling winds coming over from central Asia and protects North India from severe cold.

as the Tropic of Cancer passes through almost middle of India, the southern part falls in torrid zone and the northern part in temperate zone.

Mumbai is located on the west coast, so the moist south-west monsoon winds are obstructed by the Western Ghats. So Mumbai gets more than 200 cm rain annually. When these south-west monsoon winds cross Western Ghats and reach Pune, most of their moisture is lost. Hence Pune gets about 75 cm rainfall annually.

the South India is a peninsula hence so It has maritime impact, which makes beat-cold milder. During summer, the sunrays fall vertical there, but the Impact of heat is less as it is a plateau.

there is an occassional snowfall over Himalayas and the wind direction in India shifts from north to south. So the heavy cold air from Himalayas blow towards south. Under its effect, a cold wave engulfs north India as well as Rajasthan and Gujarat.

most of the agriculture in India depends on rainfall. About 80% of India's rainfall occurs during monsooni.e., June to September.

north India gets its rain most through the south-west monsoon winds blowing over the Bay of Bengal. Most of the moisture in these winds falls over the higher hilly regions of Meghalaya, Assam and West Bengal in the form of rain. Due to these hills, one branch of these winds is deflected towards west and gives showers enroute to west.

the south-west monsoon winds blowing over the Arabian sea give rain in Gujarat and then enter Rajasthan. These winds contain less moisture. Besides, the Aravalli range in Rajasthan falls in the same direction and hence does not obstruct these winds.

one branch of the South-West monsoon winds blowing over the Arabian Sea brings rain in Gujarat. These winds are weaker and contain less moisture.

the Bay of Bengal Current of the monsoon winds enters in north-east India via Bangladesh with excessive moisture. The hills of Garo, Khast and Jaintia in Meghalaya fall in their path.

the Western Ghats, lying north-south near the western coast of South India serves as an obstacle The winds rise because the Western Ghats is higher and most of its moisture condenses and falls in the form of rain on the windward side of the Western Ghats in the west coast plains.

the winds which blow over coromandel coast from north-east during winter pass over the Bay of Bengal and so these are humid. That is why they give rain on the coromandel coast.

The irregularity of monsoon winds affect the climate, food, lifestyle, nature, agriculture, ete. of India.

Irregularity is the main characteristic of monsoon winds.

Clear sky and increasing temperature are the prior characteristics of retreating monsoon winds.

The desert in western Rajasthan and Leh area in Ladakh get less than 10 cm of rain.

The rain associated with the monsoon winds is not consistent and regular. The rainy days and the non-rainy days occur alternately during monsoon. This phenomena is called 'Monsoon break'.

Amra Vrushti takes place on the Malabar. coast at the end of the summer. It is useful to mango and coffee crops.

Sea and the height of the peninsular plateau affect the temperature of south India.

Rabi crops (wheat, gram and mustard) grown in Punjab and Haryana get the benefit of winter rain.

The north-east monsoon winds give rain to the Coromandel coast of India.

Himalayan ranges prevent the chilling cold winds coming from central Asia and protects India from the severe cold. So except for the high mountains, the temperature does not go below freezing point in India

There are six traditional seasons in India: Hemant, Shishir, Vasant, Grishma, Varsha and Sharad.

The factors affecting the climate of India are latitude (distance from equator), distance from sea, altitude from sea level, atmospheric pressure and winds, etc.

As the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India, the southern part of India. lies in torrid zone and the northern part is in temperate zone. That is why a large difference in temperature and rainfall is recorded for different places in different parts of India.

The sunrays are exactly vertical on the Tropic of Cancer on 21st June and on the Tropic of Capricorn on 22nd December.

Major Asian countries having monsoon climate are India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh. Pakistan and Myanmar.

The winds which change their direction according to the season are called monsoon winds.

Weather depends on air temperature, air pressure, direction and velocity of winds, amount of moisture in the air, rain, fog, dew, clouds, etc.

Weather is an average of atmospheric conditions of a place, or for any specific time. or for a specific period.

Climate is an average of long term atmospheric conditions over a region.